SynthesisTranslational psychiatry2024
Neurochemical and genetic factors in panic disorder: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Translational psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Beyond fear circuits: multiscale neurobiological architecture of panic disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Anxiety Disorder Types From a Metabolomics Perspective: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Based on 1400 Plasma Metabolites.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- The Descriptive Epidemiology of Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder in Australia 2020-22: Prevalence, Correlates, Age of Onset and Changes Over Time.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Network analysis of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep disturbances in healthcare workers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Anxiolytic Effects ofInternational journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep disturbances predict nine-year panic disorder chronicity: The sleep-panic nexus theory with machine learning insights.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Guanfacine for Treatment of Anxiety and Panic-Induced Vasovagal Syncope in the Intensive Care Unit.Cureus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review addresses the complex nature of Panic Disorder (PD), characterized by recurrent episodes of acute fear, with a focus on updating and consolidating knowledge regarding neurochemical, genetic, and epigenetic factors associated with PD. Utilizing the PRISMA methodology, 33 original peer-reviewed studies were identified, comprising 6 studies related to human neurochemicals, 10 related to human genetic or epigenetic alterations, and 17 animal studies. The review reveals patterns of altered expression in various biological systems, including neurotransmission, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, neuroplasticity, and genetic and epigenetic factors leading to neuroanatomical modifications. Noteworthy findings include lower receptor binding of GABAA and serotonin neurotransmitters in the amygdala. The involvement of orexin (ORX) neurons in the dorsomedial/perifornical region in triggering panic reactions is highlighted, with systemic ORX-1 receptor antagonists blocking panic responses. Elevated Interleukin 6 and leptin levels in PD patients suggest potential connections between stress-induced inflammatory changes and PD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling are implicated in panic-like responses, particularly in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), where BDNF's panicolytic-like effects operate through GABAA-dependent mechanisms. GABAergic neurons' inhibitory influence on dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus nuclei is identified, potentially reducing the excitability of neurons involved in panic-like responses. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is highlighted as a specific hypothalamic nucleus relevant to the genesis and maintenance of panic disorder. Altered brain lactate and glutamate concentrations, along with identified genetic polymorphisms linked to PD, further contribute to the intricate neurochemical landscape associated with the disorder. The review underscores the potential impact of neurochemical, genetic, and epigenetic factors on the development and expression of PD. The comprehensive insights provided by this systematic review contribute to advancing our understanding of the multifaceted nature of Panic Disorder and pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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