ArticleJournal of affective disorders2024
Early-life risk factors for depression among young adults in the United States general population: Attributable risks and gender differences.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Heavy alcohol consumption, depression, their comorbidity and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundThis study adopts individual and societal-level approaches to examine the contribution of childhood risk factors to major depressive episodes (MDE) in 2526 American young adults.
methodsNationally representative data from the 2017 U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics - Transition into Adulthood Supplement (PSID-TAS) were analyzed using multivariate methods to assess the impact of parental mental illness, childhood adversities, childhood mental disorders, and childhood physical conditions. Adjusted odds ratios and population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) are calculated to estimate the proportion of MDE cases related to risk factors.
resultsThe 12-month prevalence of positive screens for MDE was 25.4 %. Approximately 34 % of these were attributable to childhood mental disorders, 24 % to childhood physical conditions, 21 % to childhood adversities, and 16 % to parental mental illness. Childhood and parental depression were critical risk factors, both at the individual (odds ratio exceeding 2) and societal (PARP approximately 24 %) levels. Gender-specific risk factors were identified, with childhood physical abuse and childhood anxiety disorders constituting risk factors for females, and childhood externalizing disorders and childhood headaches as risk factors for males. Approximately 60 % of U.S. young adult MDE cases are attributable to risk factors before age 18. LIMITATIONS: Possible over reporting of MDE may have biased the associations between predictors and depression.
conclusionsExposure to depression at a young age-one's own or parental depression-is a robust risk factor for both genders. Policies and interventions focused at alleviating the societal burden of depression should value its generational transmission.
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