ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2024
Pain Management Treatments and Opioid Use Disorder Risk in Medicaid Patients.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of adding a second multimodal analgesic component to anesthesia regimens on acute postoperative pain outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Mediation of chronic pain and disability on opioid use disorder risk by pain management practices among adult Medicaid patients, 2016-2019.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Opioid dose, duration, and risk of use disorder in Medicaid patients with musculoskeletal pain.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Reducing Prescription Opioid Dose and Duration to Reduce Risk of Opioid Use Disorder Among Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Risk of Opioid Use Disorder in Surgical Patients with Medicaid and Associations with Prescription Opioid Dose and Duration.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPeople with chronic pain are at increased risk of opioid misuse. Less is known about the unique risk conferred by each pain management treatment, as treatments are typically implemented together, confounding their independent effects. This study estimated the extent to which pain management treatments were associated with risk of opioid use disorder (OUD) for those with chronic pain, controlling for baseline demographic and clinical confounding variables and holding other pain management treatments at their observed levels.
methodsData were analyzed in 2024 from 2 chronic pain subgroups within a cohort of non-pregnant Medicaid patients aged 35-64 years, 2016-2019, from 25 states: those with (1) chronic pain and physical disability (CPPD) (N=6,133) or (2) chronic pain without disability (CP) (N=67,438). Nine pain management treatments were considered: prescription opioid (1) dose and (2) duration; (3) number of opioid prescribers; opioid co-prescription with (4) benzo- diazepines, (5) muscle relaxants, and (6) gabapentinoids; (7) nonopioid pain prescription, (8) physical therapy, and (9) other pain treatment modality. The outcome was OUD risk.
resultsHaving opioids co-prescribed with gabapentin or benzodiazepine was statistically significantly associated with a 37-45% increased OUD risk for the CP subgroup. Opioid dose and duration also were significantly associated with increased OUD risk in this subgroup. Physical therapy was significantly associated with an 18% decreased risk of OUD in the CP subgroup.
conclusionsCoprescription of opioids with either gabapentin or benzodiazepines may substantially increase OUD risk. More positively, physical therapy may be a relatively accessible and safe pain management strategy.
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