ReviewNutrition reviews2025
Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies.
Review in Nutrition reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Mental Health: Mechanistic Perspectives.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- β-Casein Polymorphism in Serbian Holstein-Friesian and Busha Cattle and Its Association with Milk Production Traits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- β-Casein Polymorphism as a Potential Evolutionary Trade-Off: The Rise of A1 Under Intensive Selection and Its Implications for Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Agroecological Resilience.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Exploring Casein Peptide Regulation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease from an Intestinal Barrier Perspective: Correlations, Mechanisms, Challenges and Solutions.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Behavioral, antioxidant, and kynurenine pathway modulation of a specific strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius in a preclinical model of depression.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- β-casomorphin-7: a review of occurrence, identification, techno-functionality, and effects on human health.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Immunization With Bovine Milk Casein Results in Enteric Nervous System Pathology in a Mouse Model of Neuroinflammation.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Article
- Endogenous Aβ and Exogenous Wheat Gluten Nanostructures: Understanding Peptide Self-Assembly in Disease.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Dietary Supplement with Milk that Contains Different β-Caseins Influences Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Mice.Food science of animal resources · 2025Article
- Unlocking Casein Bioactivity: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molecular Strategies for Peptide Release.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Influence of the β-Casein Genotype of Cow's Milk (A1, A2) on the Quality and β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) Content of a Semi-Hard Cheese During Production.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A1 protein free milk benefits mood and subjective cognition in free-living Australian adults: a pragmatic, exploratory, open label randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- A Review of the Role of Paraprobiotics in the Formulation of High-Protein Ice Cream as an Advanced Functional Food.International journal of food science · 2025Review
- UHT Cow's Milk Supplementation Affects Cell Niches and Functions of the Gut-Brain Axis in BALB/c Mice.Biomedicines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The gut and brain communicate through bidirectional neural, endocrine, and immune signals to coordinate central nervous system activity with gastrointestinal function. Dysregulated inflammation can promote immune cell activation and increase entero-endocrine signaling and intestinal permeability; hence, a functional gut-brain axis is necessary for a healthy digestive system. The consumption of milk products can lead to gut discomfort via effects on gastrointestinal tract function and the inflammatory state, which, in turn, affect the brain. A1 β-casein and A2 β-casein are major components of bovine-milk protein, and their digestion may result in different physiological effects following the consumption of milk products. Peptides derived from A1 β-casein, such as β-casomorphins, may increase gut dysfunction and inflammation, thereby modulating the availability of bioactive metabolites in the bloodstream and contribute to changes in cognitive function. This narrative review examines the functional interrelationships between the consumption of cow-milk-derived β-caseins and their effect on the brain, immune system, and the gut, which together comprise the gut-brain axis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.