ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2024
Near-Infrared Emissive Super Penetrating Conjugated Polymer Dots for Intratumoral Imaging in 3D Tumor Spheroid Models.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A New Cardiac Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (dECM)-Based Hydrogel: From Its Development with a Standardized Myocardial Decellularization Procedure to In Vitro Model Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Theoretical Investigation of Early Cancer Biomarker Sensing Using a PMMA-Gold Hybrid Quasi-D-Shaped Photonic-Crystal-Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Review
- Emerging Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Non-Invasive Bioimaging.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Near-Infrared Emissive Super Penetrating Conjugated Polymer Dots for Intratumoral Imaging in 3D Tumor Spheroid Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study describes the formation of single-chain polymer dots (Pdots) via ultrasonic emulsification of nonionic donor-acceptor-donor type (D-A-D) alkoxy thiophene-benzobisthiadiazole-based conjugated polymers (Poly BT) with amphiphilic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The methodology yields Pdots with a high cationic surface charge (+56.5 mV ± 9.5) and average hydrodynamic radius of 12 nm. Optical characterization reveals that these Pdots emit near-infrared (NIR) light at a maximum wavelength of 860 nm owing to their conjugated polymer backbone consisting of D-A-D monomers. Both colloidal and optical properties of these Pdots make them promising fluorescence emissive probes for bioimaging applications. The significant advantage of positively charged Pdots is demonstrated in diffusion-limited mediums such as tissues, utilizing human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC HTB-22 (MCF-7), human bone marrow neuroblastoma, ATCC CRL-2266 (SH-SY5Y), and rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma, CRL-1721 (PC-12) tumor spheroid models. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of tumor spheroids from MCF-7, SH-SY5Y, and PC-12 cell lines reveals the intensity profile of Pdots, confirming extensive penetration into the central regions of the models. Moreover, a comparison with mitochondria staining dye reveals an overlap between the regions stained by Pdots and the dye in all three tumor spheroid models. These results suggest that single-chain D-A-D type Pdots, cationized via CTAB, exhibit long-range mean free path of penetration (≈1 µm) in dense mediums and tumors.
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