Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39020453›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the International AIDS Society2024

The effects of regular home delivery of HIV self-testing and follow-up counselling on HIV testing and prevention outcomes in men who have sex with men who test infrequently in the United States: a pragmatic, virtual randomized controlled trial.

Tyler B Wray, Philip A Chan, Jeffrey D Klausner, Lori M Ward, Erik M S Ocean, Daniel J Carr, John P Guigayoma, Siddhi Nadkarni

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialPragmatic Clinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tyler B WrayDepartment of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-9141
Philip A ChanDepartment of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-5895
Jeffrey D KlausnerDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Lori M WardDepartment of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Erik M S OceanDepartment of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Daniel J CarrSchool of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
John P GuigayomaDepartment of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Siddhi NadkarniYale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Funding

Mobile health platform for providing real-time follow-up after home-based HIV self-testing for high-risk men who have sex with menR01MH114891 · NIMH · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI CHAN, PHILIP ANDREW, WRAY, TYLER BLAKE · 2018 to 2022
$3.5M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH114891NIMH NIH HHS R01MH114891
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPast research shows that HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase testing and facilitate more HIV diagnoses relative to clinic testing. However, in the United States, the use of HIVSTs is limited due to concerns that those who use HIVST could be less likely to be linked to care.

methodsFrom January 2019 to April 2022, we recruited 811 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States who tested infrequently using an online marketing campaign and randomized them 1:1:1 to receive one of the following every 3 months for a year: (1) text message reminders to get tested at a local clinic (control); (2) mailed HIVST kits with access to a free helpline (standard HIVST); and (3) mailed HIVST kits with counselling provided within 24 hours of opening a kit (eTest). Quarterly follow-up surveys assessed HIV testing, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and sexual risk behaviour.

findingsEight participants were diagnosed with HIV, and all but one were through HIVST. Participants in either HIVST condition, standard or eTest, had significantly higher odds of any testing (OR = 7.9, 95% CI = 4.9-12.9 and OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 4.2-10.5) and repeat testing (>1 test; OR = 8.5, 95% CI = 5.7-12.6; OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 6.1-13.4) over 12 months relative to the control group. Rates of STI testing and PrEP uptake did not differ across study condition, but those in the eTest condition reported 27% fewer sexual risk events across the study period relative to other groups.

conclusionsHIVST vastly increased testing, encouraged more regular testing among MSM, and identified nearly all new cases, suggesting that HIVST could diagnose HIV acquisition earlier. Providing timely follow-up counselling after HIVST did not increase rates of STI testing or PrEP use, but some evidence suggested that counselling may have reduced sexual risk behaviour. To encourage more optimal testing, programmes should incorporate HIVST and ship kits directly to recipients at regular intervals.

Indexed as

CounselingHIV InfectionsHIV TestingHomosexuality, MaleSelf-TestingAdultHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung Adultgay menHIV self‐testinglinkage to caremen who have sex with menpre‐exposure prophylaxistelehealth

Identifiers

PMID39020453
PMCPMC11254576

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.