Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39019722›Full record

ArticleJournal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society2025

Breastfeeding, growth, and lung disease in the first 3 years of life in children with cystic fibrosis.

HuiChuan J Lai, Taiya R Bach, Tami Miller, Catherine M McDonald, Karen M Maguiness, Erin E Seffrood, Jessica B Leonard, Philip M Farrell

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

HuiChuan J LaiDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: hlai@wisc.edu.
Taiya R BachDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Tami MillerClinical Nutrition, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Catherine M McDonaldCystic Fibrosis Clinic, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Karen M MaguinessPediatric Pulmonology, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Erin E SeffroodClinical Nutrition, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA.
Jessica B LeonardChildren's Hospital Boston, Nutrition Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Philip M FarrellDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Funding

Newborn Screening, Malnutrition and Lung Disease in Children with Cystic FibrosisR01DK072126 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI LAI, HUICHUAN J · 2006 to 2015
$4.3M
Early Childhood Diet, Growth, Gut Microbiome And Lung Health in Cystic FibrosisR01DK109692 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI LAI, HUICHUAN J · 2016 to 2021
$3.8M
Early Childhood Diet, Growth, Gut Microbiome and Lung Health in Cystic FibrosisR56DK109692 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI LAI, HUICHUAN J · 2015 to 2015
$150k
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK072126NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK109692NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK109692
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe 2009 cystic fibrosis (CF) infant care guidelines recommend breastmilk as the initial feeding but do not address if/when it should be fortified or supplemented with formula to promote optimal growth and pulmonary health.

methodsWe conducted a prospective multi-center cohort study in breastfed and formula-fed infants that included 172 infants with CF who were born during 2012-17, enrolled after newborn screening at age 1.9 ± 1.0 months, and evaluated growth and lung disease manifestations in the first 3 years of life.

resultsSeventy-two percent of our study cohort was breastfed at birth, but 64 % transitioned to receiving fortified feedings (breastmilk, formula, or a combination) by 6 months of age to reverse the downward trajectory of their growth curves. Fortified feedings accelerated catch-up growth to normal weight-for-age (0.12 ± 0.80 z-score) and near normal height-for-age (-0.13 ± 0.90 z-score) at 3 years of age. Within the fortified group, breastmilk and formula were similarly effective in promoting catch-up growth, but proportionately fewer infants with CF fed predominantly breastmilk (30 %) experienced severe or moderate early-onset lung disease compared to those fed predominantly formula (62 %), p = 0.02.

conclusionsMost infants with CF require fortified feedings to recuperate from growth faltering and achieve normal growth at 3 years of age. For these infants, the proactive/preventive strategy of fortified breastmilk feedings starting soon after CF diagnosis, an alternative to the reactive/monitoring approach, can minimize the risk of prolonged postnatal growth faltering, accelerate the potential of attaining catch-up growth, and decrease the likelihood of experiencing more severe early-onset lung disease.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingChild DevelopmentCystic FibrosisFood, FortifiedChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant FormulaInfant, NewbornMaleProspective StudiesBreastfeedingCystic fibrosisGrowthHuman milkInfant feeding practicesLung disease

Identifiers

PMID39019722
PMCPMC11735685

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.