ArticleThe Journal of head trauma rehabilitation
Research Letter: Characterizing Lifetime Mild TBI Exposure Among Female and Male Military Service Members and Veterans in the LIMBIC-CENC Study.
Article in The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations among aerobic physical activity, mild traumatic brain injury history, and health-related quality of life in military service members and Veterans: A LIMBIC-CENC study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cannabis Legalization and Cannabis Use Disorder by Sex in Veterans Health Administration Patients, 2005-2019.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Psychological Health of Female Service Members and Veterans Associated With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury History: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationArticle
- Cumulative and Contextual Effects of Low-Level Blast Exposure on Cognitive Function in Military Personnel: Interactions With PTSD and Mild TBI.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo (1) characterize lifetime mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposures among male and female US military service members and Veterans (SMVs) and (2) evaluate sex-related differences in mild TBI exposures.
settingClinical research laboratory.
participantsParticipants were enrolled in the ongoing Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC) Prospective Longitudinal Study.
designCross-sectional. MAIN MEASURES: Lifetime history of mild TBI was measured via structured interview. All mild TBI characteristics were collected as part of this interview, including total lifetime number; environment (deployment vs. non-deployment); timing of injury (relative to military service and age); and mechanism of injury (blast-related vs. non-blast).
resultsMost participants ( n = 2323; 87.5% male; 79.6% Veteran) reported ≥1 lifetime mild TBI ( n = 1912; 82%), among whom, many reported ≥2 lifetime mild TBIs. Female SMVs reported fewer total lifetime mild TBIs than male participants ( P < 0.001), including fewer deployment-related ( P < 0.001) and non-deployment ( P < 0.001) mild TBIs. There were significant sex differences for total number of mild TBIs sustained before ( P = 0.005) and during ( P < 0.001) military service but not after separation from military service ( P = 0.99). Among participants with a lifetime history of mild TBI, female SMVs were less likely to report ≥2 mTBIs ( P = 0.003); however, male SMVs were more likely to report a mild TBI during military service ( P = 0.03), including combat-related mild TBI ( P < 0.001) and mild TBI involving blast ( P < 0.001).
conclusionsThese findings inform clinical and research efforts related to mild TBI in US military SMVs. It may not be sufficient to simply measure the total number of mild TBIs when seeking to compare clinical outcomes related to mild TBI between sexes; rather, it is important to measure and account for the timing, environment, and mechanisms associated with mild TBIs sustained by female and male SMVs.
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