Endoscopic Anatomy of the Skull Base.

Presently, endoscopic skull base surgery has undergone significant advancements since its inception over two decades ago. Nevertheless, it is imperative to underscore that the fundamental basis of all surgical procedures lies in the meticulous understanding of anatomy, with particular emphasis on the ventral anatomy. This facet has recently garnered increased attention.Following the advancements in endoscopic skull base surgery techniques, this chapter will concentrate on the pertinent anatomical considerations that serve as key foundations for successful procedures. These considerations are categorized into two planes: the sagittal plane and the coronal plane.The sagittal plane is further subdivided into five distinct approaches, namely,(1) the transcribriform approach, (2) the transplanum approach, (3) the transsellar approach, (4) the transclival approach, and (5) the transodontoid approach.On the other hand, the coronal plane is delineated into seven specific zones to facilitate comprehension and potential applications: (1) the petrous apex approach, (2) the intrapetrous approach, (3) the suprapetrous approach, (4) the cavernous sinus approach, (5) the infratemporal approach, (6) the medial condyle approach, and (7) the jugular foramen approach.By organizing the anatomical aspects in this systematic manner, the information provided becomes more accessible, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter for potential future application.