ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
The impact of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and mesenchymal stem cell-derived IL-6 on neurological conditions.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Neuropsychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and peripheral biomarkers of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Phase II trial of intravenous human dental pulp stem cell therapy for Huntington's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Different light color temperatures in the morning on the effectiveness of rehabilitation training in patients with ischemic stroke: a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Yucca filamentosa extract therapeutic potential against neuro-inflammation and demyelination through modulation of eicosanoids.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- Cytokine-mediated immune-to-brain signaling in neural circuit disorders.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- hUC-MSCs via β-NGF Alleviate Cognitive Impairment After Tibial Fracture Surgery by Regulating the STMN2/NMNAT2-SARM1-NF-κB Signaling Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- EGF and GHRP6 Co-Administration Attenuates Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Models: Behavioral and Molecular Evidences.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain-Muscle Axis: Microbial Regulation of Neuromuscular Aging and Cognitive Frailty.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Reinventing amlodipine.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- Systemic Inflammation Triggers Motor Axon Degeneration Via Macrophage IL-1β-Mediated P53/SIRT1/Autophagy Pathway.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Mediating the Cell-Cell Interaction between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.The American journal of pathology · 2026Article
- From gut to brain: effects of fecal microbiota transplants from humans to rats on hippocampal gene regulation - a study on anorexia nervosa.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- RNA-binding proteins: a comprehensive review of multifaceted regulatory mechanisms in neuroinflammation and implications in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression in CP/CPPS: A Narrative Review of Underlying Mechanisms.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Astrocytes in neuroinflammation and brain cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells and secretome as modulators of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Sustained release of quercetin through homogeneous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to enhance MSCs biofunctions for regenerative therapy.Regenerative therapy · 2026Article
- Optimal doses of mind-body exercise on neuroinflammation in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a versatile cytokine crucial for immune response modulation, inflammation regulation, and various physiological processes in the body. Its wide-ranging functions underscore its importance in maintaining health. Dysregulated IL-6 is closely associated with many diseases, making it a key research and therapeutic target. Elevated IL-6 levels in the central nervous system worsen neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases by activating microglia and astrocytes and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic molecules. Moreover, dysregulated IL-6 weakens the blood-brain barrier, exacerbating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by allowing peripheral immune cells and inflammatory mediators to enter the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise in modulating neuroinflammation by regulating IL-6 levels. They effectively suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, while promoting anti-inflammatory factors. This therapeutic approach highlights the importance of targeting IL-6 and other inflammatory mediators to alleviate neuroinflammation and its adverse effects on neurological disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IL-6's involvement in neurological disorders, examining endogenous IL-6 and IL-6 derived from MSCs. We explore IL-6's mechanisms affecting neuronal function, survival, and immune modulation in the central nervous system. Additionally, we discuss the potential of MSC-derived IL-6 in neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. By elucidating IL-6's interplay with neurological pathologies, this review offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting IL-6 signaling pathways for neurological disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.