ArticleJournal of virology2024
Serial cell culture passaging
Article in Journal of virology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccine hesitancy as a threat to global health? Rokitansky's De Varioloide Vaccinica-core issues in today's vaccination debates.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the infectivity of three porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variants.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Development of Langat virus infectious clones as a platform for live-attenuated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- The Pseudotyped Replication-Deficient VSV with Spike from PEDV Induces Neutralizing Antibody Against PEDV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Increased preference for lysine over arginine in spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and its daughter lineages.PloS one · 2025Article
- Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of a Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain Isolated in Zhejiang Province, China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an important enteric coronavirus that has caused enormous economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. However, no commercial vaccine is currently available. Therefore, developing a safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine candidate is urgently needed. In this study, the PDCoV strain CH/XJYN/2016 was continuously passaged in LLC-PK cells until passage 240, and the virus growth kinetics in cell culture, pathogenicity in neonatal piglets, transcriptome differences after LLC-PK infection, changes in the functional characteristics of the spike (S) protein in the high- and low-passage strains, genetic variation of the virus genome, resistance to pepsin and acid, and protective effects of this strain when used as a live-attenuated vaccine were examined. The results of animal experiments demonstrated that the virulent PDCoV strain CH/XJYN/2016 was completely attenuated and not pathogenic in piglets following serial cell passage. Genome sequence analysis showed that amino acid mutations in nonstructural proteins were mainly concentrated in Nsp3, structural protein mutations were mainly concentrated in the S protein, and the N, M, and E genes were conserved. Transcriptome comparison revealed that compared with negative control cells, P10-infected LLC-PK cells had the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while P0 and P240 had the least number of DEGs. Analysis of trypsin dependence and related structural differences revealed that the P10 S protein interacted more strongly with trypsin and that the P120 S protein interacted more strongly with the APN receptor. Moreover, the infectivity of P240 was not affected by pepsin but was significantly decreased after exposure to low pH. Furthermore, the P240-based live-attenuated vaccine provided complete protection to piglets against the challenge of virulent PDCoV. In conclusion, we showed that a PDCoV strain was completely attenuated through serial passaging
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