ArticleNature microbiology2024
MHC class II proteins mediate sialic acid independent entry of human and avian H2N2 influenza A viruses.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- A CRISPR activation screen identifies CH25H as a restriction factor against influenza viruses by targeting accessible cholesterol.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- The receptor landscape of influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- H5N1 influenza binding and cell entry via human class II MHC, and blocking by cross-reactive antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Divergent pathogenic mechanisms of influenza A and influenza B viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Rab11Bis required for binding and entry of recent H3N2, but not H1N1, influenza A isolates.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Neu1 inhibition restrains BCoV replication and modulates ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Review
- Advancing immunity and disease resistance in chickens through genome editing.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- MHC class II functions as a host-specific entry receptor for representative human and swine H3N2 influenza A viruses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Protocol to measure the kinetics of MHC class II-influenza A binding using biolayer interferometry.STAR protocols · 2025Article
- A new path to spillover: MHC-II entry of influenza A viruses.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Risk of infection of dairy cattle in the EU with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus affecting dairy cows in the United States of America (H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Rab11B is required for binding and entry of recent H3N2, but not H1N1, influenza A isolates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Enhanced visualization of influenza A virus entry into living cells using virus-view atomic force microscopy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Virion motility of sialoglycan-cleaving respiratory viruses.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Proximity labelling of internalizing influenza A viruses reveals a role for neogenin in virus uptake.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Claudin-11 plays a pivotal role in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of influenza A virus.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular Evolution of the H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Cleavage Site Motif.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) pose substantial burden on human and animal health. Avian, swine and human IAV bind sialic acid on host glycans as receptor, whereas some bat IAV require MHC class II complexes for cell entry. It is unknown how this difference evolved and whether dual receptor specificity is possible. Here we show that human H2N2 IAV and related avian H2N2 possess dual receptor specificity in cell lines and primary human airway cultures. Using sialylation-deficient cells, we reveal that entry via MHC class II is independent of sialic acid. We find that MHC class II from humans, pigs, ducks, swans and chickens but not bats can mediate H2 IAV entry and that this is conserved in Eurasian avian H2. Our results demonstrate that IAV can possess dual receptor specificity for sialic acid and MHC class II, and suggest a role for MHC class II-dependent entry in zoonotic IAV infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.