ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Bacterial outer membrane vesicle nanorobot.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- PD-L1-targeted OMV priming licenses myeloid co-stimulation and chemokine circuits to potentiate CAR-T therapy in advanced-stage solid tumors.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Next-generation biomedical nanorobots: active design, intelligent control, and translational opportunities in regenerative and minimally invasive medicine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-enabled precision strategies for bladder cancer: from in vitro diagnostics to in vivo therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Chimeric biohybrid nanovesicles induce immunogenic cell death for targeted and immune-potentiated glioblastoma therapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Fully Wireless and Flexible Valves for Multiplexed and Prolonged Intravesical Liquid Release.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles: Pathogenic roles, microbiota interactions, and biomedical applications.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Enzymatic microbubble robots.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Frontiers in bacterial outer membrane vesicles: From basic characteristics to cancer therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Advances in nano-delivery systems for overcoming the challenges of applying siRNA drugs in tumor therapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a smart platform for biomedical applications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Advancements and challenges of nanorobots in surgical medicine: design, applications, and interdisciplinary integration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles as next-generation precision postbiotics: strategies, challenges and prospects.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Bioengineering modification and application of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Wound Healing Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Tumor Development: Facts, Potential Applications and Future Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Dual-targeted bacterial outer membrane vesicles enhance glioblastoma immunotherapy by regulating tumor microenvironment and inducing IFN-γ-mediated ferroptosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autonomous nanorobots represent an advanced tool for precision therapy to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, current nanorobotic designs primarily rely on inorganic materials with compromised biocompatibility and limited biological functions. Here, we introduce enzyme-powered bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) nanorobots. The immobilized urease on the OMV membrane catalyzes the decomposition of bioavailable urea, generating effective propulsion for nanorobots. This OMV nanorobot preserves the unique features of OMVs, including intrinsic biocompatibility, immunogenicity, versatile surface bioengineering for desired biofunctionalities, capability of cargo loading and protection. We present OMV-based nanorobots designed for effective tumor therapy by leveraging the membrane properties of OMVs. These involve surface bioengineering of robotic body with cell-penetrating peptide for tumor targeting and penetration, which is further enhanced by active propulsion of nanorobots. Additionally, OMV nanorobots can effectively safeguard the loaded gene silencing tool, small interfering RNA (siRNA), from enzymatic degradation. Through systematic in vitro and in vivo studies using a rodent model, we demonstrate that these OMV nanorobots substantially enhanced siRNA delivery and immune stimulation, resulting in the utmost effectiveness in tumor suppression when juxtaposed with static groups, particularly evident in the orthotopic bladder tumor model. This OMV nanorobot opens an inspiring avenue to design advanced medical robots with expanded versatility and adaptability, broadening their operation scope in practical biomedical domains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.