ArticleVirus genes2024
Detection and characterization of H5N1 HPAIV in environmental samples from a dairy farm.
Article in Virus genes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple possible sources of H5N1 influenza virus transmission.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Dairy Sites with Milk Exposure Are Most Likely to Have Detection of Influenza A Virus.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in dry Jersey cows following intramammary inoculation shows within-host compartmentalization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prophage: agent provocateur?Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Risk of infection of dairy cattle in the EU with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus affecting dairy cows in the United States of America (H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Differential Host Responses and Viral Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Strains in Diverse Cell Lines with a Raw Milk Supplement.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cholera toxin B subunit fusion enhances the immunogenicity of the H5 stem domain against the H5N2 avian influenza virus.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Pasteurized Milk Serves as a Passive Surveillance Tool for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Dairy Cattle.Viruses · 2025Article
- Dairy Environments with Milk Exposure are Most Likely to Have Detection of Influenza A Virus.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- H5N1 virus invades the mammary glands of dairy cattle through 'mouth-to-teat' transmission.National science review · 2025Article
- Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple sources of H5N1 transmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in dairy cattle: implications for public health, animal health, and pandemic preparedness.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Risk posed by the HPAI virus H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13, currently circulating in the US.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Analysis of Host Responses in Bovine Milk Somatic Cells (bMSCs) Following HPAIV Bovine H5N1 Influenza Exposure.Viruses · 2025Article
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- Emerging threats of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in swine: knowledge gaps and the imperative for a One Health approach.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Bovine Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Stability and Inactivation in the Milk Byproduct Lactose.Viruses · 2024Article
- Bovine highly pathogenic avian influenza virus stability and inactivation in the milk byproduct lactose.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Outcome of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in calves and lactating cows.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The recent expansion of HPAIV H5N1 infections in terrestrial mammals in the Americas, most recently including the outbreak in dairy cattle, emphasizes the critical need for better epidemiological monitoring of zoonotic diseases. In this work, we detected, isolated, and characterized the HPAIV H5N1 from environmental swab samples collected from a dairy farm in the state of Kansas, USA. Genomic sequencing of these samples uncovered two distinctive substitutions in the PB2 (E249G) and NS1 (R21Q) genes which are rare and absent in recent 2024 isolates of H5N1 circulating in the mammalian and avian species. Additionally, approximately 1.7% of the sequence reads indicated a PB2 (E627K) substitution, commonly associated with virus adaptation to mammalian hosts. Phylogenetic analyses of the PB2 and NS genes demonstrated more genetic identity between this environmental isolate and the 2024 human isolate (A/Texas/37/2024) of H5N1. Conversely, HA and NA gene analyses revealed a closer relationship between our isolate and those found in other dairy cattle with almost 100% identity, sharing a common phylogenetic subtree. These findings underscore the rapid evolutionary progression of HPAIV H5N1 among dairy cattle and reinforces the need for more epidemiological monitoring which can be done using environmental sampling.
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