ArticleJournal of clinical and experimental hepatology
Prevalence and Precipitants of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Hospitalized Children With Chronic Liver Disease.
Article in Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation ofWorld journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Blunt Pancreatic Transection With Ductal Disruption in a Stable Patient: Rethinking Surgical Necessity Through a Case-Based Review.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a marker of poor prognosis in adults with chronic liver disease (CLD). We prospectively studied the prevalence and precipitants of HE in children with CLD as there is a paucity of literature on the same. Methods: Children (1-18 years) admitted with CLD were examined daily for the presence and grading of HE (West Haven/Whittington grading). Precipitants were classified as infection, dyselectrolytemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, constipation and dehydration. Changes in grades of HE and outcome were noted. Results: One hundred and sixty children (age 120 [84-168] months) were enrolled. HE was present in 50 (31.2%) patients with a total of 61 episodes. Maximum grade of HE was grade I (n = 16), II (n = 23), III (n = 11) and IV (n = 11). Forty-two cases had single and 8 had recurrent (2-5) episodes. Median duration of HE episodes was 96 (72-192) hours. Precipitants were identified in 55/61 (90.2%) episodes with infection (45/61, 73.7%) and dyselectrolytemia (33/61, 54%) being the most common. Lower albumin and sodium, higher INR and presence of infection were significantly associated with presence of HE. Overall, HE resolved in 33 (54%) episodes, while it progressed and persisted in 28 (45.9%) episodes. Patients with HE had a poorer outcome (25/50 vs 13/110; Conclusion: One-third of admitted CLD children have HE, with identifiable precipitants in 90% of cases. Children with HE have poorer liver functions, higher rate of infections and worse outcome than those without HE.
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