ArticleResearch in pharmaceutical sciences2023
Combination of metformin and gallic acid induces autophagy and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
Article in Research in pharmaceutical sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gallic Acid Potentiates Cisplatin Response in Cervical Cancer Cells Through Coordinated Cellular and Molecular Alterations.Biology · 2026Article
- Repurposing melatonin for its potential roles in gastrointestinal cancers: highlighting the molecular mechanisms.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- The role of metformin in extracellular matrix-based three-dimensional cell culture Models: A mini-review on therapeutic potentials.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Cardioprotective effects of gallic acid in a rat ischemia-reperfusion model: role of apoptosis, inflammation, and antioxidant defense.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Metformin Mitigates the Impact of Arsenic Exposure on the Maternal and Offspring Reproductive System of Female Mice.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Clinical relevance of circulating biomarkers in breast cancer metastasis detection: "insights from liquid biopsy technology".Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Cellular and Molecular Evidence of the Synergistic Antitumour Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Metformin in Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, and Citric Acid Food Preservatives Trigger Apoptosis in the Male Reproductive System of Rats.BioMed research international · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and one of the major causes of death among women. Many reports propose gallic acid as a candidate for cancer treatment due to its biological and medicinal effects as well as its antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the effects of metformin and gallic acid on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and normal (MCF-10) cell lines. Experimental approach: MCF7 and MCF-10 cells were treated with various concentrations of metformin, gallic acid, and their combination. Cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as cell cycle arrest were measured. Autophagy induction was assessed using western blot analysis. Findings/Results: Metformin and gallic acid did not cause toxicity in normal cells. They had a stronger combined impact on ROS induction. Metformin and Gallic acid resulted in cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase with G1 and S phase arrest, respectively. Increased levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 markers along with decreased P62 markers were observed in cancerous cells, which is consistent with the anticancer properties of metformin and gallic acid. Conclusion and implications: The effects of metformin and gallic acid on cancerous cells indicate the positive impact of their combination in treating human breast cancer.
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