ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine
An updated description of bacterial pneumonia in adult horses and factors associated with death.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for horses in Australia.Australian veterinary journal · 2025Guideline
- Bacterial Pneumonia in Horses: Insights from a 10-Year European Single-Centre Retrospective Study.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Real-time fluorometric isothermal assays for detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus in horses: Validation, comparison and evaluation of their clinical application.Australian veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Occurrence, antibiotic susceptibility and genetic variation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in Finnish weanling horses with and without respiratory infection.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Survey of the approach to the diagnosis and management of bacterial pneumonia in adult horses by equine veterinarians.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- An updated description of bacterial pneumonia in adult horses and factors associated with death.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAvailable descriptive studies on equine pneumonia are outdated or focus on specific horse or bacterial populations.
objectivesTo describe the clinical presentation and bacterial isolates of adult horses with bacterial pneumonia and identify factors associated with death. ANIMALS: One hundred sixteen horses >2 years old with bacterial pneumonia.
methodsRetrospective case series. Data regarding history, physical examination, clinicopathologic features, treatment, bacterial culture and sensitivity, and outcome were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
resultsHistorical risk factors were present for 60% of cases, whereas abnormal vital signs on intake were present for <50%. Most horses (58%) underwent at least 1 change of antimicrobial treatment, and 67% received the highest-priority critically important antimicrobials. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the most isolated bacteria (44%), followed by Escherichia coli (19%), Klebsiella spp. (18%), other Streptococcus species (17%), and Bacillus spp. (13%). Fusobacterium spp. were the most common anaerobic isolates (11%). Antimicrobial susceptibility varied widely. Survival to discharge was 73%. Heart rate at presentation (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008-1.17, P = .03) and higher creatinine (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.56-127.6, P = .02) increased the risk of death. Higher lymphocyte count (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.94, P = .04) reduced risk. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Contrasting older literature, Fusobacterium spp. were the most common anaerobes. Streptococcus zooepidemicus remained the most common isolate and was predictably susceptible to penicillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility was otherwise variable and broad applicability is limited as this was a single-center study. Increased risk of death associated with tachycardia and abnormally high serum creatinine concentration is consistent with previous studies.
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