ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Retinal Development and Function: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Thyroid hormone regulatory system in the mouse retina: integrated transcriptional and translational analysis of deiodinase enzymes, thyroid hormone receptors and thyroid hormone transporters.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- DIO3 coordinates photoreceptor development timing and fate stability in human retinal organoids.Genes & development · 2026Article
- Hormonal metabolic burden in diabetic retinopathy: the diabetic retina as an endocrine-responsive target organ.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The mechanisms, epidemiology, and clinical implications of thyroid hormones and age-related macular degeneration: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Prognostic Role of TSH Within Euthyroid T2DM Patients with Retinopathy: A 3-Year Cohort Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Thyroid hormone signaling in ocular development and diseases.Biological research · 2025Review
- Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Retina Axis: Implications for Health and Disease.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Thyroid hormone receptor beta-2 (TRβ2) overexpression modulates photoreceptor phenotype diversity in a ligand-dependent manner.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association studies with prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Thyroid Hormones (THs) play a central role in the development, cell growth, differentiation, and metabolic homeostasis of neurosensory systems, including the retina. The coordinated activity of various components of TH signaling, such as TH receptors (THRs) and the TH processing enzymes deiodinases 2 and 3 (DIO2, DIO3), is required for proper retinal maturation and function of the adult photoreceptors, Müller glial cells, and pigmented epithelial cells. Alterations of TH homeostasis, as observed both in frank or subclinical thyroid disorders, have been associated with sight-threatening diseases leading to irreversible vision loss i.e., diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although observational studies do not allow causal inference, emerging data from preclinical models suggest a possible correlation between TH signaling imbalance and the development of retina disease. In this review, we analyze the most important features of TH signaling relevant to retinal development and function and its possible implication in DR and AMD etiology. A better understanding of TH pathways in these pathological settings might help identify novel targets and therapeutic strategies for the prevention and management of retinal disease.
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