ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effects of Colostrum Bovinum Supplementation on Human Body Fat Content and/or Blood Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Educational Attainment and Overweight/Obesity in Eight South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review.Asia-Pacific journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- Participation of Women in Cardiovascular Trials From 2017 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Influence of the argon plasma coagulation protocol in endoscopic procedures on body composition in patients with recurrent weight gain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a randomized clinical trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Trial
- Sex modulates the long-term effects of delivery mode on microbiota-gut barrier crosstalk and colitis susceptibility in mice.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of obesogenic adipocyte signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 cells in response to plasma from C57BL/6 mice exposed to traffic-generated emissions and high-fat diet.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Decoding Immunometabolic Dynamics of Adipose Tissue in Obesity: Evolving Evidence and Way Forward.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Nutritional Status, Abdominal Obesity, and Predictors of BMI Categories Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Southern Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) in the middle east and North Africa (MENA) from 1990 to 2021: from the global burden of disease (GBD).Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Does sex moderate health and Alzheimer's disease risk tied to early educational experiences? The reducing inequities through social and educational change follow-up in early adulthood extension study protocol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Sex-specific associations of urinary zinc, iron, and zinc-to-iron ratio with obesity indicators and phenotypes.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Dietary Pattern and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Association between body composition and bone mineral density in young and middle-aged adults.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Higher-Protein Nutrition and Concurrent Exercise in Obesity: A Narrative Review of Body Composition, Metabolic Health, and Physical Function.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Observational
- Global Data From Great Ape Zoo Populations Confirm a High Prevalence of Overweight Individuals.American journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications, the impact of sex is typically overlooked in obesity research. Worldwide, women have a higher likelihood to become obese compared to men. Although women are offered weight loss interventions more often and at earlier stages than men, they are more vulnerable to psychopathology. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to pursue weight loss intervention and are more susceptible to the metabolic implications of obesity. In this narrative review, we comprehensively explored sex- and gender-specific differences in the development of obesity, focusing on a variety of biological variables, such as body composition, fat distribution and energy partitioning, the impact of sex steroid hormones and gut microbiota diversity, chromosomal and genetic variables, and behavioural and sociocultural variables influencing obesity development in men and women. Sex differences in obesity-related comorbidities and varying effectiveness of different weight loss interventions are also extensively discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.