ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Roles of Micronutrition and Nutraceuticals in Enhancing Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Actual Data on Essential Trace Elements in Parkinson's Disease.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional Supplements for Cancer Supportive Care: An Umbrella Review and Hierarchical Evidence Synthesis.Integrative cancer therapiesPooled it
- Effects of zinc and probiotic co-supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and mood in irritable bowel syndrome patients.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Bone microenvironment-driven macro-galvanic coupling of Zn alloys: Mediating immune response and osteogenesis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Iron and Other Metal Ions in Human Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Multielement Composition and in Vitro Bioaccessibility in Brazilian Edible Floral Supplement Capsules Containing Dandelion and Hibiscus.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Determination of Trace Elements in Maize Flour Consumed in Turkey by ICP-OES and Assessment of Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- How Nutrient Deficiencies Impact the Oral Mucosa and How to Manage Them: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Assessment of trace element distribution, bioaccumulation, and health risks in silver pomfret from major fishing grounds of the Bay of Bengal.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility: A Critical Analysis of Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Dual Role of Zinc Homeostasis in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogenicity and Host Immune Defense.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Role of Phenolic Profile of Salt-Stressed Duckweed (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Design and Development of Solvent-Sensitive Zn(II)/Al(III) Responsive Chemosensor: Extension to the Real-World Application.ChemPlusChem · 2026Article
- Plasma Copper and Zinc Levels in Ataxia-Telangiectasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Zinc Signaling in Acute Kidney Injury.Cells · 2026Review
- Multi-level evaluation of zinc sulfate toxicity and its modulation by Helichrysum arenarium in Allium cepa.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Health risk assessment and ionomic profiling under cadmium, lead, zinc, and manganese stress in Amaranthus cruentus.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Production and Characterization of Collagen-Based Film with Natural Oil and Zinc Oxide.ACS omega · 2026Article
- The Dual Nature of Metals: Essential Nutrients and Environmental Contaminants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zinc, a vital trace element, holds significant importance in numerous physiological processes within the body. It participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, metabolic functions, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and immune modulation, thereby demonstrating its essential role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While zinc deficiency is associated with significant health risks, an excess of this trace element can also lead to harmful effects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 to 15 mg per day are referred to be the dietary reference value. An excess of the recommended daily intake may result in symptoms such as anemia, neutropenia and zinc-induced copper deficiency. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines the tolerable upper intake level (UL) as 25 mg per day, whereas the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows 40 mg per day. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the calculation of UL and other health risks associated with zinc. For example, zinc intake is not limited to oral consumption; other routes, such as inhalation or topical application, may also pose risks of zinc intoxication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.