ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Litigation and Complications Arising from Aesthetic Body Surgery: A Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Scoping Review of Mental Health Outcomes of Cosmetic Procedures Among the Saudi Population.Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Prehabilitation for Aesthetic Surgery: An Evidence-based Guide.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Article
- Looksmaxxing and the Digital Evolution of Male Beauty Standards: Ethical Implications in Plastic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Recognizing and Managing Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Patients Seeking Plastic Surgery: A Narrative Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Saying No in Aesthetic Surgery: Ethical Framework for Declining High-Stakes Requests.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- See, Touch, Feel, and Express: Achieving Safe and Natural Outcomes With HA Fillers-An International Consensus.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
- A National Survey of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons' Experience With Mandatory Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screening in Australia.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Beyond the scalpel: humanistic training and professional identity formation in postgraduate plastic surgery education.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Positive Screening of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Eastern Saudi Women Seeking Cosmetic Procedures: Implications for Clinical Practice in the Social Media Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prospective Evaluation of an Automated Rule-based Screening Tool for Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Aesthetic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Exploring the Prevalence and Etiological Factors of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Cosmetic Surgery Populations: Implications for Enhanced Clinical Assessment.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence-assisted Risk Stratification in Aesthetic Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- A personalized 3D printed cranial shield using mirror-image modeling: design and clinical assessment.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Ethical Dilemmas in Plastic Surgery: Insights From a Survey Study in Saudi Arabia.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Detecting body dysmorphic disorder in the age of algorithms.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Aesthetic Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence, Awareness, and Psychological Implications.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) presents significant challenges in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery, impacting patient outcomes and well-being. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors is crucial for effective patient care. (2) Methods: A systematic review of national and international databases on body dysmorphic disorder, plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and prevalence yielded 999 studies between 1878 and April 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting prevalence while excluding those with small sample sizes (<20 participants), unclear diagnostic criteria for BDD, and non-English accessibility. (3) Results: A meta-analysis using a random effects model was conducted on 65 studies involving 17,107 patients to estimate the prevalence of BDD. The overall estimated prevalence of BDD was 18.6%; 10,776 (62.9%) were females, with a mean age of 35.5 ± 11.7 years. Subgroup meta-analysis found significant variability in effect sizes across countries and types of specialty, of which Brazil showed the highest proportion and dermatology exhibited the smallest. Meta-regression analysis found no significant relationship between the year of publication and prevalence rates. (4) Conclusions: Our findings update the current literature on BDD prevalence in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. We emphasize the importance of proactive screening and multidisciplinary care approaches to address the complex challenges posed by patients with BDD. Further research is needed to explore evolving trends in BDD prevalence and factors influencing its expression across different cultural contexts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.