Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38997717›Full record

ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2024

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing promotes diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV infected children: a retrospective study.

Zhenyu Zhang, Tingyan Liu, Meixiu Ming, Meili Shen, Yi Zhang, Hanlin Chen, Weiming Chen, Jinhao Tao, Yixue Wang, Jing Liu and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. [An infant with leukemia complicated byZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zhenyu Zhang *Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Tingyan Liu *Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Meixiu Ming *Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Meili ShenMedical Department, Nanjing Dinfectome Technology Inc., Nanjing, China.
Yi ZhangDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Hanlin ChenMedical Department, Nanjing Dinfectome Technology Inc., Nanjing, China.
Weiming ChenPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Jinhao TaoPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Yixue WangPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Jing LiuPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Jihua ZhouPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
Guoping LuPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China. 13788904150@163.com.
Gangfeng YanPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China. gangfeng_yan@fudan.edu.cn.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFC2701805Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission No. 202140442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) excels in diagnosis of infection pathogens. We aimed to evaluate the performance of mNGS for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in non-HIV infected children.

methodsTotally 36 PJP children and 61 non-PJP children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from March 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical features of PJP children were summarized. 1,3-β-D glucan (BDG) test and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mNGS were used for evaluation of PJP diagnostic performance. Antimicrobial management modifications for PJP children after the mNGS results were also reviewed.

resultsPneumocystis jirovecii was detected in all PJP children by mNGS (36/36), and the sensitivity of mNGS was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.26-100%). The sensitivity of BDG was 57.58% (95% CI: 39.22-74.52%). Of the 26 (72.2%) PJP patients with mixed infection, twenty-four (66.7%) were detected by BALF-mNGS. Thirteen patients (36.1%) had their antimicrobial management adjusted according to the mNGS results. Thirty-six PJP children included 17 (47.2%) primary immunodeficiency and 19 (52.8%) secondary immunodeficiency, of whom 19 (52.8%) survived and 17 (47.2%) died. Compared to survival subgroup, non-survival subgroup had a higher rate of primary immunodeficiency (64.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.047), younger age (7 months vs. 39 months, P = 0.011), lower body weight (8.0 kg vs. 12.0 kg, P = 0.022), and lower T lymphocyte counts.

conclusionsThe mortality rate of PJP in immunosuppressed children without HIV infection is high and early diagnosis is challenging. BALF-mNGS could help identify PJP and guide clinical management.

Indexed as

Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingMetagenomicsPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia, Pneumocystisbeta-GlucansChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantIntensive Care Units, PediatricMaleRetrospective Studiesbeta-GlucansBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)Clinical characteristicsImmunodeficiencyPediatric intensive care unitPrognosis

Identifiers

PMID38997717
PMCPMC11241876

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.