Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38997581›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2025

Precise in vivo RNA base editing with a wobble-enhanced circular CLUSTER guide RNA.

Philipp Reautschnig, Carolin Fruhner, Nicolai Wahn, Charlotte P Wiegand, Sabrina Kragness, John F Yung, Daniel T Hofacker, Jenna Fisk, Michelle Eidelman, Nils Waffenschmidt and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. MECP2Science China. Life sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Evolution of Engineered ADAR-Based RNA Editing Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. ADAR-GPT: A continually fine-tuned language model for predicting A-to-I RNA editing sites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Philipp ReautschnigInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4734-9317
Carolin FruhnerInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Nicolai WahnInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Charlotte P WiegandInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Sabrina KragnessVollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
John F YungVollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Daniel T HofackerInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-0690
Jenna FiskVollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Michelle EidelmanMina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Nils WaffenschmidtInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Maximilian FeigeInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Laura S PfeifferInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-4138
Annika E SchulzInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Yvonne FüllInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2290-2366
Erez Y LevanonMina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-4198
Gail MandelVollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Thorsten StafforstInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. thorsten.stafforst@uni-tuebingen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-3439

Funding

Repair of neurological disorders through RNA editingR01NS110868 · NINDS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI MANDEL, GAIL · 2020 to 2024
$1.7M
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) IG-Reauts-2019-05Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) STA 1053/10-1Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) STA 1053/11-1International Rett Syndrome Foundation (IRSF) 3806Israel Science Foundation (ISF) 2039/20Israel Science Foundation (ISF) 2637/23NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS110868U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) NS110868Volkswagen Foundation (VolkswagenStiftung) 96876
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recruiting the endogenous editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) with tailored guide RNAs for adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA base editing is promising for safely manipulating genetic information at the RNA level. However, the precision and efficiency of editing are often compromised by bystander off-target editing. Here, we find that in 5'-UAN triplets, which dominate bystander editing, G•U wobble base pairs effectively mitigate off-target events while maintaining high on-target efficiency. This strategy is universally applicable to existing A-to-I RNA base-editing systems and complements other suppression methods such as G•A mismatches and uridine (U) depletion. Combining wobble base pairing with a circularized format of the CLUSTER approach achieves highly precise and efficient editing (up to 87%) of a disease-relevant mutation in the Mecp2 transcript in cell culture. Virus-mediated delivery of the guide RNA alone realizes functional MeCP2 protein restoration in the central nervous system of a murine Rett syndrome model with editing yields of up to 19% and excellent bystander control in vivo.

Indexed as

Gene EditingRNA, CircularRNA EditingRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsAdenosineAdenosine DeaminaseAnimalsBase PairingHEK293 CellsHumansMethyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2MiceAdenosineAdenosine DeaminaseMethyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2RNA, CircularRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems

Identifiers

PMID38997581
PMCPMC11994451

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.