Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38997579›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2025

Template-independent enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides.

Daniel J Wiegand, Jonathan Rittichier, Ella Meyer, Howon Lee, Nicholas J Conway, Daniel Ahlstedt, Zeynep Yurtsever, Dominic Rainone, Erkin Kuru, George M Church

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. RNA chemistry and therapeutics.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. An Update: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Daniel J Wiegand *Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-5125
Jonathan Rittichier *Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ella MeyerWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA.
Howon LeeDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nicholas J ConwayDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4439-2915
Daniel AhlstedtEnPlusOne Biosciences Inc., Watertown, MA, USA.
Zeynep YurtseverEnPlusOne Biosciences Inc., Watertown, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-8602
Dominic RainoneEnPlusOne Biosciences Inc., Watertown, MA, USA.
Erkin KuruDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. erkin_kuru@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-0858
George M ChurchDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6232-9969

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RNA oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality to treat disease, yet current manufacturing methods may not be able to deliver on anticipated future demand. Here, we report the development and optimization of an aqueous-based, template-independent enzymatic RNA oligonucleotide synthesis platform as an alternative to traditional chemical methods. The enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides is made possible by controlled incorporation of reversible terminator nucleotides with a common 3'-O-allyl ether blocking group using new CID1 poly(U) polymerase mutant variants. We achieved an average coupling efficiency of 95% and demonstrated ten full cycles of liquid phase synthesis to produce natural and therapeutically relevant modified sequences. We then qualitatively assessed the platform on a solid phase, performing enzymatic synthesis of several N + 5 oligonucleotides on a controlled-pore glass support. Adoption of an aqueous-based process will offer key advantages including the reduction of solvent use and sustainable therapeutic oligonucleotide manufacturing.

Indexed as

OligonucleotidesRNAOligonucleotidesRNA

Identifiers

PMID38997579
PMCPMC12084152

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.