ArticleArchives of gerontology and geriatrics2024
Risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in Brazilian lower educated older adults: A 15-year follow-up study using group-based trajectory modelling.
Article in Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Childhood adversities and the exposome in dementia risk and brain health.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cognitive impairment and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in tropical China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- U shaped association between sleep duration and long term cognitive decline trajectories in a national cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between hypertension and dementia risk in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.JAR life · 2025Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPatterns of cognitive change and modifiable factors for cognitive decline versus stable cognitive trajectories have rarely been described in lower-educated older adults.
objectivesWe aimed to identify long-term trajectories of cognitive functioning and possible factors associated with cognitive decline. DESIGN AND
participantsWe used data from 1,042 adults aged ≥ 60 participating in the Health, Welfare and Aging Study (SABE), São Paulo, Brazil, without cognitive impairment at baseline. Data were collected across four waves (2000-2015). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify cognitive trajectories. Associations with socioeconomic variables, childhood background, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors were explored using weighted multinomial logistic regressions. MEASUREMENTS: The abbreviated Mini-Mental State Examination was used to measure cognition.
resultsThree cognitive trajectories were identified: stable (n= 754, 68.6%), mild-decline (n= 183, 20.8%), and strong-decline (n= 105, 10.7%). At baseline, respondents in the strong-decline group were more likely to be older than those with stable and mild-decline trajectories. Furthermore, participants in both the mild and strong-decline groups were more likely to have no schooling, be divorced/separated, receive less than 4 monthly wages, and be underweight (BMI < 18.5) compared to the stable group. Finally, the mild-decline group was more likely to have lived in rural areas during childhood than participants located in a stable trajectory.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that interventions to reduce cognitive decline for low-educated older adults might include strategies addressing inequalities and improving modifiable risk factor burden.
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