ReviewCell2024
Immune mechanisms in fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
Review in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incidence and influencing factors of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Design of the MERCURION-IPF trial - intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Pulmonary Perspective on Recent Guidelines.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Alveolar Macrophages: Development, Respiratory Homeostasis, Signal Pathways, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- Pharmacological activation of dopamine receptor D1 attenuates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 and BEAS-2B cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pirfenidone combined with nintedanib in connective tissue disease - associated interstitial lung disease with radiologic progression during antifibrotic monotherapy: A case series.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Review
- Cell-Specific Modulation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by Kynurenine in Pulmonary Fibrosis Requires Microenvironmental Crosstalk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in lung diseases.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Cellular Senescence: Emerging Therapeutic Target for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Targeting YAP: mechanistic breakthroughs and therapeutic prospects in reversing organ fibrosis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- MSCs/EVs-based therapy targeting DAD: research progress and future perspectives from ARDS and COVID-19 to RP-ILD.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) serum concentration in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD).BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Fibroblasts as regulators of lung immunity, repair and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Reparative "exosome-ark" for mitochondrial transplantation to reprogram macrophages and disrupt pathogenic crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Molecular imaging of immune and fibrosis targets to guide therapy for repair after myocardial infarction.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in pulmonary fibrosis: from lung surfactant to the immune connection.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Aberrant activation of tissue-resident lymphocytes and pro-fibrotic GZMK⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in IPF.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone alleviates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in male BALB/c mice.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) have poor survival rates and lack effective therapies. Despite evidence for immune mechanisms in lung fibrosis, immunotherapies have been unsuccessful for major types of fILD. Here, we review immunological mechanisms in lung fibrosis that have the potential to impact clinical practice. We first examine innate immunity, which is broadly involved across fILD subtypes. We illustrate how innate immunity in fILD involves a complex interplay of multiple cell subpopulations and molecular pathways. We then review the growing evidence for adaptive immunity in lung fibrosis to provoke a re-examination of its role in clinical fILD. We close with future directions to address key knowledge gaps in fILD pathobiology: (1) longitudinal studies emphasizing early-stage clinical disease, (2) immune mechanisms of acute exacerbations, and (3) next-generation immunophenotyping integrating spatial, genetic, and single-cell approaches. Advances in these areas are essential for the future of precision medicine and immunotherapy in fILD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.