Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38996042›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Early Appearance of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Children Followed From Birth for Type 1 Diabetes Risk.

Berglind Jonsdottir, Joanna L Clasen, Kendra Vehik, Åke Lernmark, Markus Lundgren, Ezio Bonifacio, Desmond Schatz, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, William Hagopian, Marian Rewers and 9 more

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Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Summary of the Year in Review Lectures at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Berglind JonsdottirDepartment of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0003-4129-1767
Joanna L ClasenHealth Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Kendra VehikHealth Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6243-6772
Åke LernmarkDepartment of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
Markus LundgrenDepartment of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
Ezio BonifacioCenter for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Desmond SchatzDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Anette-Gabriele ZieglerGerman Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, 80939 Munich, Germany.
William HagopianPacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
Marian RewersBarbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Richard McIndoeCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Jorma ToppariDepartment of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-2228-334X
Jeffrey KrischerHealth Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Beena AkolkarDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Andrea SteckBarbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Riitta VeijolaDepartment of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
Michael J HallerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Helena Elding LarssonDepartment of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
TEDDY Study Group

Funding

Limited Competition: Continued Follow-up of Subjects and Initiation of a Second Case-control Cohort in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in The Young Study (TEDDY)U01DK128847 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI JEFFREY P KRISCHER · 2021 to 2026
$79.2M
Data Coordinating Center (DCC)for the Consortium for Identification of EnvironmenUC4DK095300 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2011 to 2011
$56.0M
NIH Prior Approval Process ProfessionalUL1TR002535 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2018 to 2022
$51.1M
Data Coordinating CenterU01DK063790 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2002 to 2006
$50.1M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Karin E Bornfeldt · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
Follow-up on Subjects, Integrative Data Analysis and Measurement of Viral Antibodies in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in The Young Study (TEDDY)U01DK124166 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2020 to 2022
$31.1M
NIDDK Follow-up on Subjects and Immunological Assessments in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes In The Young Study (TEDDY) (UC4)UC4DK117483 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2017 to 2020
$30.4M
Establish a Data Coordinating Center (DCC) for the Consortium for Identification UC4DK100238 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2014 to 2014
$28.9M
The Study of Epigenetics and Infections in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)UC4DK112243 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2016 to 2016
$27.0M
Data Coordinating Center (DCC) for the Consortium for Identification of Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) StudyUC4DK106955 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI KRISCHER, JEFFREY P · 2015 to 2015
$20.0M
UF Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000064 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI NELSON, DAVID R · 2012 to 2014
$12.2M
CDC HHSEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000064NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK063790NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK124166NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK128847NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK095300NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK100238NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK106955NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK112243NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK117483NIEHS NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextAutoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) define preclinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which can progress to either clinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

objectiveWe determined the age at seroconversion in children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes.

methodsTPOAb and TgAb seropositivity were determined in 5066 healthy children with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR3- or DR4-containing haplogenotypes from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Children seropositive on the cross-sectional initial screen at age 8 to 13 years had longitudinally collected samples (from age 3.5 months) screened retrospectively and prospectively for thyroid autoantibodies to identify age at seroconversion. The first-appearing autoantibody was related to sex, HLA genotype, family history of AITD, and subsequent thyroid dysfunction and disease.

resultsThe youngest appearance of TPOAb and TgAb was age 10 and 15 months, respectively. Girls had higher incidence rates of both autoantibodies. Family history of AITD was associated with a higher risk of TPOAb hazard ratio (HR) 1.90; 95% CI, 1.17-3.08; and TgAb HR 2.55; 95% CI, 1.91-3.41. The risk of progressing to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism was not different between TgAb and TPOAb, but children with both autoantibodies appearing at the same visit had a higher risk compared to TPOAb appearing first (HR 6.34; 95% CI, 2.72-14.76).

conclusionThyroid autoantibodies may appear during the first years of life, especially in girls, and in children with a family history of AITD. Simultaneous appearance of both autoantibodies increases the risk for hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesAutoimmunityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Thyroiditis, AutoimmuneAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornIodide PeroxidaseLongitudinal StudiesMaleRetrospective StudiesAutoantibodiesIodide PeroxidaseThyroglobulinautoimmune thyroid diseasechildrenthyroid autoimmunity

Identifiers

PMID38996042
PMCPMC11747670

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