ArticleNeuroRehabilitation2024
Testosterone and neurobehavioral outcomes in special operations forces military with multiple mild traumatic brain injury.
Article in NeuroRehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Persistent behavioral, biological, and physiological sequelae in active-duty treatment-seeking U.S. special operations forces personnel: a cross-sectional study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundU.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF) are at increased risk of multiple mild traumatic brain injury (mmTBI). Testosterone was prescribed for several participants in a VA program designed to address sequelae of mmTBI for SOF.
objectiveTo determine testosterone prevalence in the Palo Alto VA Intensive Evaluation and Treatment Program (IETP) and observe for association between testosterone and neurobehavioral outcomes.
methodsA retrospective cohort study included patients in the Palo Alto VA IETP. Sociodemographic data, testosterone blood levels, and neurobehavioral outcomes were collected from medical records.
results55 IETP participants were included: six were testosterone users; the rest were classified as non-users. Testosterone use in this population is 11%, higher than reported national averages in the U.S. Of the 6 testosterone users, 2 (33%) had a formal diagnosis of hypogonadism prior to initiation of testosterone. Neurobehavioral outcome scores between testosterone users and non-users failed to show statistically significant differences, except for the PROMIS pain score, which was higher in the testosterone user population.
conclusionThe current study did not find an association between mmTBI, testosterone use, or testosterone level and neurobehavioral outcomes. This study highlights a need to further examine the relationship between hypogonadism, mmTBI, SOF culture around testosterone, and the effects of testosterone use in this population.
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