Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38995598›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2024

Sex Differences Across Concussion Characteristics in US Service Academy Cadets: A CARE Consortium Study.

Louise A Kelly, J B Caccese, D Jain, C L Master, L Lempke, A K Memmini, T A Buckley, J R Clugston, A Mozel, J T Eckner and 10 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Louise A KellyDepartment of Exercise Science, California Lutheran University, #3400, 60 W. Olsen Road, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA. lakelly@callutheran.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1013-5024
J B CacceseCollege of Medicine School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
D JainDepartment of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
C L MasterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
L LempkeMichigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
A K MemminiDepartment of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
T A BuckleyDepartment of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
J R ClugstonDepartment of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
A MozelCenter for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J T EcknerPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
A SusmarskiMedical Associates Clinic, Loras College, Dubuque, IA, USA.
E ErmerPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
K L CameronOrthopaedic and Sports Medicine, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
S ChrismanDivision of Adolescence Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
P PasquinaPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
S P BroglioMichigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
T W McAllisterDepartment of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
M McCreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
C EsopenkoDepartment of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
CARE Consortium Investigators

Funding

Department of Defence, USA W81XWH-14-2-0151National Collegiate Athletic Association W81XWH-14-2-0151
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe sex differences in concussion characteristics in US Service Academy cadets.

designDescriptive epidemiology study.

settingFour US service academies.

participants2209 cadets (n = 867 females, n = 1342 males). INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Sex. OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury proportion ratios (IPR) compared the proportion of injuries by sex (females referent) for injury situation, certainty of diagnosis, prolonged recovery, recurrent injuries, mental status alterations, loss of consciousness (LOC), posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), retrograde amnesia (RGA), motor impairments, delayed symptom presentation, and immediate reporting. MAIN

resultsConcussions from varsity/intercollegiate sports [IPR of 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-2.10] and intramurals (IPR of 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.32) accounted for a larger proportion in males, whereas concussions outside of sport and military activities accounted for a smaller proportion among males (IPR of 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.85). The proportion of concussions with prolonged recovery was lower among males (IPR of 0.69, 95% CI 0.60-0.78), while concussions with altered mental status (IPR of 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.38), LOC (IPR of 1.67, 95% CI 1.17-2.37), PTA (IPR of 1.94, 95% CI 1.43-2.62), and RGA (IPR of 2.14, 95% CI 1.38-3.31) accounted for a larger proportion among males. A larger proportion of concussions that were immediately reported was observed in males (IPR of 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-2.31). Proportions of other characteristics (e.g., recurrent injuries) were not different between sexes.

conclusionsA higher proportion of concussions occurred outside of sport and military training for female cadets, who also displayed proportionally longer recovery times than males, despite males demonstrating a higher proportion of LOC, PTA, and RGA. Possible factors may include different mechanisms of injury outside of sport and military training, different biopsychosocial states associated with sex or injury context, and delayed injury reporting when outside of an observed environment, possibly secondary to perceived stigma about reporting injuries.

Indexed as

Brain ConcussionMilitary PersonnelAdolescentAthletic InjuriesFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsUnconsciousnessUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID38995598
PMCPMC11561049

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.