ArticleArchives of women's mental health2024
Antipsychotic-induced prolactin elevation in premenopausal women with schizophrenia: associations with estrogen, disease severity and cognition.
Article in Archives of women's mental health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Practice Guideline on the Choice of First Antipsychotic Medicine for Females Experiencing a First-Episode of Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Guideline
- Sex-specific effects of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone on performance in a risky decision-making task.Behavioural brain research · 2027Article
- The influence of sex on cognition in psychosis.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Schizophrenia Across the Reproductive Lifespan.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Tryptophan modulates the impact of prolactin on insomnia in perimenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Elevated prolactin and association with treatment resistance indicators in first-hospitalized schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a real-world cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The effect of age on the clinical presentation and treatment of women with psychosis: secondary analysis of the IMPaCT Randomised Clinical Trial.BJPsych open · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
purposeAntipsychotic-induced prolactin elevation may impede protective effects of estrogens in women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD). Our study sought to confirm whether the use of prolactin-raising antipsychotics is associated with lower estrogen levels, and to investigate how estrogen and prolactin levels relate to symptom severity and cognition in premenopausal women with SSD.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 79 premenopausal women, divided in three groups of women with SSD treated with prolactin-sparing antipsychotics (n = 21) or prolactin-raising antipsychotics (n = 27), and age-matched women without SSD (n = 31). Circulating 17β-estradiol was compared among groups. In patients, we assessed the relationship between prolactin and 17β-estradiol, and the relationships of these hormones to symptom severity and cognition, using correlation analyses and backward regression models.
resultsIn women receiving prolactin-raising antipsychotics, 17β-estradiol levels were lower as compared to both other groups (H(2) = 8.34; p = 0.015), and prolactin was inversely correlated with 17β-estradiol (r=-0.42, p = 0.030). In the prolactin-raising group, 17β-estradiol correlated positively with verbal fluency (r = 0.52, p = 0.009), and 17β-estradiol and prolactin together explained 29% of the variation in processing speed (β
conclusionsIn women with SSD, antipsychotic-induced prolactin elevation was related to lower estrogen levels. Further, estrogens negatively correlated with symptom severity and positively with cognition, whereas prolactin levels correlated negatively with cognition. Our findings stress the clinical importance of maintaining healthy levels of prolactin and estrogens in women with SSD.
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