ArticleCells2024
The Prodrug DHED Delivers 17β-Estradiol into the Retina for Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Preservation of Visual Function in an Animal Model of Glaucoma.
Article in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retinal proteomics in neurodegeneration: Insights into ocular and brain disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- From Fabrication to Function: Scalable Spray-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Films for Drug Delivery in Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bypassing Androgens: Retina-Targeted 17β-Estradiol Delivery via DHED Eye Drops Ameliorates Orchiectomy-Induced Shifts in the Male Rat Visual Cortex Proteome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Orchiectomy on Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegeneration in the Male Rat Retina: A Proteomic Analysis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Endogenous oestrogens as neuroprotective modulators in the human retina: Evidence from transcriptomic profiling and aromatase inhibition.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of risk promoting effects for age-related macular degeneration by estradiol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prospects for Neuroprotective Therapies in Glaucoma: Drug Targets and Emerging Clinical Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- The prevalence and medical costs of neovascular glaucoma in a tertiary medical center in China from 2016 to 2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Matrine Reduces Intraocular Pressure in Corticosteroid-Induced Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Retina-Targeted 17β-Estradiol by the DHED Prodrug Rescues Visual Function and Actuates Neuroprotective Protein Networks After Optic Nerve Crush in a Rat Model of Surgical Menopause.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances in Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Pharmacological Strategies and Emerging Technologies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We report a three-pronged phenotypic evaluation of the bioprecursor prodrug 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) that selectively produces 17β-estradiol (E2) in the retina after topical administration and halts glaucomatous neurodegeneration in a male rat model of the disease. Ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced by hyperosmotic saline injection into an episcleral vein of the eye. Animals received daily DHED eye drops for 12 weeks. Deterioration of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity by OHT in these animals were markedly prevented by the DHED-derived E2 with concomitant preservation of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. In addition, we utilized targeted retina proteomics and a previously established panel of proteins as preclinical biomarkers in the context of OHT-induced neurodegeneration as a characteristic process of the disease. The prodrug treatment provided retina-targeted remediation against the glaucomatous dysregulations of these surrogate endpoints without increasing circulating E2 levels. Collectively, the demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect by the DHED-derived E2 in the selected animal model of glaucoma supports the translational potential of our presented ocular neuroprotective approach owing to its inherent therapeutic safety and efficacy.
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