ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tumor-targeted interferon-α gene therapy for glioblastoma: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- A State-Resolved Single-Cell and Spatial Atlas RevealsMedComm · 2026Article
- Redox Regulation in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- DeepPathway: predicting pathway expression from histopathology images.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy Induces Competing Death and Survival Pathways in Glioblastoma Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Forming a Precise and Reproducible Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment in Glioblastoma by High Cell Density Bioprinting.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Enable CAR T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma by modifying its microenvironment via oncolytic adenovirus encoding bispecific T cell engager.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma: epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and therapeutic resistance.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Redox rewiring in glioblastoma: the thioredoxin system as a precision therapeutic target.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Pro- and Anti-tumorigenic Effects of MSC Secretome in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal cancer controlNanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Modeling glioblastoma relapse in vitro: a critical journey from 2D models to organ-on-chip alternatives.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity, Measurement, and Clinical Implications of Oxygenation, Cell Signaling, and Redox Biology in Glioblastoma and Adult Diffuse Gliomas, with Context from Other Brain Tumors.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Imaging vascular characteristics and glycolytic metabolism of glioblastoma in a chick embryo model usingMolecular imaging and biology · 2026Article
- Surface-Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy: A Review on Targeting Strategies and Delivery of Repurposed Drugs and Off-Label Non-Alkylating Agents.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Beyond Resection: Surgery as an Evolutionary Bottleneck Shaping Tumor Evolution and Treatment Response in Diffuse Gliomas.Cancers · 2026Review
- Nexus of IDO1/Kynurenine Pathway to T-Cell Exhaustion: Hypoxia-Induced Tryptophan Metabolism in Glioblastoma.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Selective cytotoxicity of solamargine via oxidative stress and caspase-independent mechanisms in human glioblastoma cells.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues for GBM treatment. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive TME, and BBB restrictiveness hinder their effectiveness. Strategies to address these challenges, including combination therapies and targeting hypoxia, are actively being explored to improve outcomes for GBM patients. Targeting hypoxia in combination with immunotherapy represents a potential strategy to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.