SynthesisFrontiers in psychology2024
Therapeutic alliance in individual adult psychotherapy: a systematic review of conceptualizations and measures for face-to-face- and online-psychotherapy.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic alliance in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy: a thematic analysis of patients with non-cardiac chest pain.BMC psychology · 2026Trial
- Are we on the same page? Examining client-therapist alliance congruence and psychological well-being.Research in psychotherapy (Milano) · 2026Article
- Heart rate synchrony as an objective biomarker in psychotherapy: a wearable-based pilot study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- "Invented medicine"? Alliance building in first encounters between clinicians and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a qualitative study.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Whose alliance shapes whose appraisal? Longitudinal actor-partner associations between therapeutic alliance and session quality, clinical severity, and global improvement among Filipino client-therapist dyads.Cogent mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Causal Relationships Between the Use of AI, Therapeutic Alliance, and Job Engagement Among Psychological Service Practitioners.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic alliance (TA) is a robust and pantheoretical predictor of treatment outcome in Face-to-Face- (F2F-) and Online-psychotherapy (Online-PT). Many authors have proposed several conceptualizations of TA, which are oftentimes operationalized. The resulting diversity of conceptualizations and measures is presented in this review. Methods: We performed a three-parted literature search for self-report-instruments of TA in individual, voluntary F2F-PT with adults (1. utilization of past reviews, 2. systematic literature search yielding 5,205 articles, 3. reference lists). Analogously, we conducted a systematic literature search for instruments of TA in the Online-setting (yielding 200 articles). Additionally, we analyzed the content of the instruments qualitatively. Results: A current overview of 48 instruments for measuring TA (46 for F2F-PT, 2 for Online-PT) including their conceptual backgrounds, characteristics and main content aspects is presented. Most instruments ( Discussion: The broad variety of conceptualizations and measures of TA makes coherent research on TA difficult. There are conceptual challenges such as the role of attachment style in TA that remain to be clarified. The current conceptualizations and measures do not incorporate the practical experience and expertise of psychotherapists and patients sufficiently. A metatheoretical conceptualization and measure of TA based on an empirical survey of psychotherapists and patients could address these issues.
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