ArticleBladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2021
Bladder Cancer Health Literacy: Assessing Readability of Online Patient Education Materials.
Article in Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the Accuracy, Empathy, and Readability of Generative AI Versus Registered Nurses in Discharge Planning: A Vignette-Based Study.Nursing open · 2026Observational
- Performance evaluation of large language models in bladder cancer patient education Q&A: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding of health-related materials, termed health literacy, affects decision makings and outcomes in the treatment of bladder cancer. The National Institutes of Health recommend writing education materials at a sixth-seventh grade reading level. The goal of this study is to assess readability of bladder cancer materials available online.
objectiveThe goal of this study is to characterize available information about bladder cancer online and evaluate readability.
methodsMaterials on bladder cancer were collected from the American Urological Association's Urology Care Foundation (AUA-UCF) and compared to top 50 websites by search engine results. Resources were analyzed using four different validated readability assessment scales. The mean and standard deviation of the materials was calculated, and a two-tailed
resultsThe average readability of AUA materials was 8.5 (8th-9th grade reading level). For the top 50 websites, average readability was 11.7 (11-12th grade reading level). A two-tailed
conclusionsMost health information provided by the AUA on bladder cancer is written at a reading ability that aligns with most US adults, with top websites for search engine results exceeding the average reading level by several grade levels. By focusing on health literacy, urologists may contribute lowering barriers to health literacy, improving health care expenditure and perioperative complications.
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