ArticleAndrology2025
Glucose prevents the acquisition of the capacitated state in pig spermatozoa.
Article in Andrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential Modulation of Capacitation-Associated Responses in Boar Spermatozoa by In Vitro Capacitation Media: A Kinetic Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effects of Sodium Butyrate on Sperm Function and Protein Acetylation in Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Boar Spermatozoa.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Sperm energy-restriction and recovery enhances equine sperm function and embryo development after ICSI.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Metabolic pathways fueling human spermatozoa capacitation and hyperactivation: a roadmap for spermatozoa bioenergetics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMammalian spermatozoa need to undergo a process named capacitation to be able to fertilize an oocyte. During their journey in the female tract, spermatozoa obtain energy while exposed to a changing environment containing a variety of metabolic substrates. The energy requirements for sperm capacitation are species-specific. In addition, the available energy source can hinder the process of sperm capacitation and eventually the acrosome reaction.
objectivesTo evaluate whether the metabolic substrates available in the in vitro sperm capacitation medium allow or interfere with the pig sperm capacitation process. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe effect of different metabolic substrates on sperm capacitation process was evaluated by analyzing phosphorylation in the p32 protein; the acrosome reaction and the ATP intracellular content.
resultsThe presence of glucose in the in vitro capacitating medium diminishes, in a concentration-dependent manner, parameters associated with the capacitated status: induced acrosome exocytosis, plasma membrane destabilization, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, sperm incubation with pyruvate or lactate, either individually or in combination, allows the attainment of the capacitated status. Unexpectedly, pig spermatozoa incubated without any extracellular energy substrates or with a non-metabolizable substrate (l-glucose) for 4 h displayed similar sperm viability to the control and exhibited a capacitated phenotype. The capacitation-like phenotype observed in starved pig spermatozoa (absence of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) was dependent on extracellular bicarbonate and calcium levels, and these spermatozoa exhibited lower intracellular ATP content compared to those not capacitated. Nevertheless, the intracellular content of calcium was not modified in comparison to the control. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the metabolic substrates used to fuel pig sperm metabolism are important in achieving the capacitated status. The results of this work could be used to refine the capacitating medium employed in pig in vitro fertilization.
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