Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38992975›Full record

ReviewCPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology2024

Bridging pharmacology and neural networks: A deep dive into neural ordinary differential equations.

Idris Bachali Losada, Nadia Terranova

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Graph ODEs and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey on Integrating Differential Equations with Graph Neural Networks.KDD : proceedings. International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Idris Bachali LosadaQuantitative Pharmacology, Ares Trading S.A. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nadia TerranovaQuantitative Pharmacology, Ares Trading S.A. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0033-3695

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The advent of machine learning has led to innovative approaches in dealing with clinical data. Among these, Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs), hybrid models merging mechanistic with deep learning models have shown promise in accurately modeling continuous dynamical systems. Although initial applications of Neural ODEs in the field of model-informed drug development and clinical pharmacology are becoming evident, applying these models to actual clinical trial datasets-characterized by sparse and irregularly timed measurements-poses several challenges. Traditional models often have limitations with sparse data, highlighting the urgent need to address this issue, potentially through the use of assumptions. This review examines the fundamentals of Neural ODEs, their ability to handle sparse and irregular data, and their applications in model-informed drug development.

Indexed as

Neural Networks, ComputerDeep LearningDrug DevelopmentHumansMachine LearningPharmacology, Clinical

Identifiers

PMID38992975
PMCPMC11330178

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.