ArticleESC heart failure2024
The water imbalance of skeletal muscle and muscle weakness in patients with heart failure.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Water Distribution in the Body as a Source of Information on Markers of Skeletal Muscle Ageing.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Pathological changes and therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia.EFORT open reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Role of a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Predicting Anemia among Cardiovascular Disease Patients.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Insights into the interconnection of sarcopenia in heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Association between extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean males aged 19-80 years: analysis of KNHANES 2022-2023.Physical activity and nutrition · 2025Article
- State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges for Nutritional Interventions in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The water imbalance of skeletal muscle and muscle weakness in patients with heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsA high extracellular water (ECW) to intracellular water (ICW) ratio of skeletal muscle as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis is reportedly associated with loss of muscle strength. However, the validity of this index for heart failure (HF), which is likely associated with changes in the water distribution, is unclear. METHODS AND
resultsThis study involved 190 patients with HF. The total ECW and ICW of both upper and lower extremities were measured, and a high ECW/ICW ratio was defined as an ECW/ICW ratio higher than the median (≥0.636 for men, ≥0.652 for women). Low muscle strength was defined as reduced handgrip strength according to the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Patients with a high ECW/ICW ratio had a lower handgrip strength (21.1 ± 8.1 kg vs. 27.6 ± 9.3 kg, P ≤ 0.05) and 6 min walk distance (329 ± 116 m vs. 440 ± 114 m) than those with a low ECW/ICW ratio. An increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW was associated with a higher ECW/ICW ratio and a lower handgrip strength (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high ECW/ICW ratio and low skeletal muscle mass were independently associated with low muscle strength (P < 0.05).
conclusionsA high ECW/ICW ratio in limb muscles, that is, the water imbalance of increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW, is useful in assessing muscle quality in patients with HF.
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