ArticleMilitary Medical Research2024
Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021.
Article in Military Medical Research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dizziness in the emergency department and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Long Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Genes · 2024Pooled it
- EGCG-loaded nanoparticles attenuate post-SAH white matter injury by targeting HO-1/S100A10 to suppress oxidative stress-induced reactive astrocytes.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- Epidemiological status and developmental trends of sexual violence among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years: a global analysis and projections.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Feasibility of vault configuration of the Neuroform Atlas stent in the treatment of bifurcation intracranial aneurysm: clinical observation and hemodynamic simulation.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Oral Nimodipine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Critical Propensity Score-Matched Reevaluation in a Contemporary Cohort.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Possible hemodynamic mechanisms in the size change of cerebral aneurysms: an exploratory study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Global burden of subarachnoid hemorrhage in young adults, 1990-2021: disparities, risk factors, and projections to 2050.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Worldwide changes in the burden of deciduous and permanent tooth caries and periodontal disease in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years from 1990 to 2021.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- AneuGuidederived metal coverage ratio and pore density in Pipeline embolization devices: validation against VasoCT and association with aneurysm occlusion.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Burden of stroke and its subtypes in young adults in Asia, 1990-2021: risk factors and future predictions.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Review
- Association of Diagonal Earlobe Crease (Frank's Sign) with Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture at Small Sizes.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The roles of microglia and astrocytes in inflammasomes and neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Metabolic Chaos After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Longitudinal Glucose-Potassium Ratio Dynamics and Clinical Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Comparative hemocompatibility assessment of fibrin/heparin-coated and PMEA-coated flow diverters.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to subarachnoid hemorrhage in South Asia (2000-2023).Neurosurgical review · 2026Review
- The Global Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Attributable to Hypertension in Young Adults From 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2050.Balkan medical journal · 2026Observational
- Global burden and trends of depression among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Global burden, projections, and causal factors of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections: A comprehensive epidemiological and mendelian randomization study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by high mortality and low rates of full recovery. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SAH between 1990 and 2021.
methodsData on SAH incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to evaluate changes in the age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence and mortality, as well as trends in SAH burden. The relationship between disease burden and sociodemographic index (SDI) was also analyzed.
resultsIn 2021, the incidence of SAH was found to be 37.09% higher than that in 1990; however, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) showed a decreased [EAPC: -1.52; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.66 to -1.37]. Furthermore, both the number and rates of deaths and DALYs decreased over time. It was observed that females had lower rates compared to males. Among all regions, the high-income Asia Pacific region exhibited the highest ASIR (14.09/100,000; 95% UI 12.30/100,000 - 16.39/100,000) in 2021, with an EPAC for ASIR < 0 indicating decreasing trend over time for SAH ASIR. Oceania recorded the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized DALYs rates among all regions in 2021 at values of respectively 8.61 (95% UI 6.03 - 11.95) and 285.62 (95% UI 209.42 - 379.65). The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50 - 69 years old. Metabolic risks particularly elevated systolic blood pressure were identified as the main risk factors contributing towards increased disease burden associated with SAH when compared against environmental or occupational behavioral risks evaluated within the GBD framework.
conclusionsThe burden of SAH varies by gender, age group, and geographical region. Although the ASRs have shown a decline over time, the burden of SAH remains significant, especially in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. More specific supportive measures are necessary to alleviate the global burden of SAH.
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