Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38992631›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

Estimating vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 using cause-specific sick leave as an indicator: a nationwide population-based cohort study, Norway, July 2021 - December 2022.

Hinta Meijerink, Lamprini Veneti, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Anders Skyrud Danielsen, Melanie Stecher, Jostein Starrfelt

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hinta MeijerinkDepartment of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Hinta.Meijerink@fhi.no.
Lamprini VenetiDepartment of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Anja Bråthen KristoffersenDepartment of Method Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Anders Skyrud DanielsenDepartment of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Melanie StecherDepartment of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Jostein StarrfeltDepartment of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDue to changes in testing policy and increased use of rapid tests, other indicators for SARS-CoV-2 infections are needed to monitor vaccine effectiveness (VE). We aimed to estimate VE against COVID-19 sick leave (> 3 days, certified by a medical professional) among employed individuals (25-64-years-old) in Norway.

methodsWe performed a nationwide cohort study by collating data from the Emergency preparedness register for COVID-19. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazard models with vaccine status as a time-varying covariate and presented results as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Separate models were run against sick leave and against SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Delta period (June-December 2021), and against sick leave during the Omicron period (January-December 2022) when SARS-CoV-2 PCR-testing was replaced by rapid self-tests and infections were underreported.

resultsWe included 2,236,419 individuals during the Delta period, of whom 73,776 (3.3%) had a reported infection and 54,334 (2.4%) were registered with sick leave. Of the 2,206,952 included individuals in the Omicron period, 300,140 (13.6%) were registered with sick leave. During the Delta period, 55% (26,611) of individuals who had registered sick leave also had a positive test, compared to 32% (96,445) during the Omicron period. The VE against sick leave during the Delta period followed a similar waning pattern to that against SARS-CoV-2 infections. After the second and third dose, the lowest aHRs were estimated for 2-7 days after vaccination for both sick leave (0.25; 95%CI 0.24-0.26 and 0.26; 95% CI 0.24-0.29) and infection ( 0.16; 95% CI 0.15-0.17 and 0.18; 95% CI 0.16-0.19) respectively. During the Omicron period, aHRs for sick leave were higher than during the Delta period, but the lowest aHRs were still found in 2-7 weeks after receiving the second (0.61; 95% CI 0.59-0.64) or third dose (0.63; 95% CI 0.62-0.64).

conclusionOur results showed that sick leave could be a relevant indicator for VE in the surveillance of COVID-19 and a finding that may be important in the surveillance of other respiratory infection.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSick LeaveVaccine EfficacyAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorwaySARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesCohort studiesCOVID-19COVID-19 vaccinesNorway Real-world evidencePopulation registersSARS-CoV-2Sick leaveSurveillanceVaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID38992631
PMCPMC11241785

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.