Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38992329›Full record

ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2026

The Association Between the Impact of COVID-19 and Internalizing Problems Among Children and Adolescents with ADHD: The Moderating Role of Parental Anxiety.

Lauren Gowans, Tessa Ritchie, Maria A Rogers, Yuanyuan Jiang, Emma A Climie, Janet W T Mah, Penny Corkum, Amanda Krause, Marina Parvanova

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Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lauren GowansDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Tessa RitchieDepartment of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-1496
Maria A RogersDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. maria.rogers@carleton.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-4344
Yuanyuan JiangDepartment of Educational & Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, University Endowment Lands, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-8298
Emma A ClimieDepartment of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-1598
Janet W T MahDepartment of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, University Endowment Lands, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-6890
Penny CorkumDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2552-4973
Amanda KrauseDepartment of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-1489
Marina ParvanovaDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Funding

CIHR UIP 179231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous research has identified an increase in internalizing problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Additionally, it has been observed that parents of children with ADHD had elevated levels of anxiety during the pandemic. The current study aimed to longitudinally assess whether the impact of COVID-19 was associated with internalizing problems in children and adolescents with ADHD during the middle (Time 1-Spring 2021 [T1]) and end (Time 2-Fall/Winter 2022 [T2]) of the pandemic, and whether parental anxiety moderated this relationship over time. Canadian parents of youth with ADHD (aged 3-18 years old) completed online questionnaires assessing their child's depression and anxiety symptoms, their own anxiety symptoms, and the pandemic's impact on their child, both at T1 (N = 278) and T2 (N = 89). The results indicated that the impact of COVID-19 on children at T1 was a unique predictor of child internalizing problems at T1 but not at T2. While parental anxiety did not moderate this association cross-sectionally, it was a significant moderator longitudinally. More specifically, low parental anxiety at T1 positively moderated the association between the COVID-19 impact on children at T1 and child internalizing problems at T2. The results highlight the importance of providing on-going psychological support for children and adolescents with ADHD and emphasize the need to aid parents in effectively supporting their children during the process of pandemic recovery.

Indexed as

AnxietyAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCOVID-19DepressionParentsAdolescentCanadaChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesADHDChild and adolescentCOVID-19Internalizing problemsParental anxiety

Identifiers

PMID38992329

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.