ReviewNature protocols2024
OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models.
Review in Nature protocols, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- ZBTB16 upregulation maintains copper homeostasis to support esophageal tumor progression.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Robust Scoring System to Evaluate Animal Well-Being in Murine (Mus musculus) Orthotopic Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Models.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Quantitative detection of macrophage activation in osteosarcoma comparingScientific reports · 2026Article
- GPX4 Inhibitor Resistance and Metastatic Features in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- pH-responsive ZIF-8@quercetin nanoparticles induce pyroptosis for targeted gastric cancer therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Harnessing PDX and PDX 2.0: the next-generation paradigm for precision oncology and translational breakthroughs.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Introduction to animal modelling: factors and tools for choosing the optimal model for sarcoma research-a comprehensive literature review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- haCCA: multi-module Integration of spot-based spatial transcriptomes and metabolomes.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Dual-ligand curcin-loaded hybrid solid lipid nanoparticles achieve durable gliosarcoma remission while preserving neuro-behavioral function.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Trastuzumab-Conjugated Nanoliposomes for Targeted Capecitabine Delivery to Suppress HER2-Positive Breast Tumor: Efficacy Analysis in NOD SCID Mice Xenografts.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Advancing the 3Rs in bone tissue engineering: emergingFrontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Pre-clinical SPECT and SPECT-CT in Oncology.Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer · 2026Review
- Effect of Bleomycin Hydrolase Expression in Tumor Tissue on the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Electrochemotherapy.Cancers · 2025Article
- Potentiation of Electrochemotherapy by Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Murine Tumors with Distinct Immune Profiles.Cancers · 2025Article
- Cisplatin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Biomolecular Mechanisms and the Protective Role of Exercise-Induced Myokines.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Between Prometheus and Thanatos: Reflections on Intracardiac Injection Models for Metastasis in Mice.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Review
- Targeting the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer: the effect of Rapamycin on angiogenesis, apoptosis, and STAT5A/TORC1 signaling.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Quantitative assessment of thermal ablation in small animal tumor models: implications for pre-clinical studies of combination treatments.Physics in medicine and biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Lymphatic collection and cell isolation from mouse models for multiomic profiling.Nature protocols · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Existing guidelines on the preparation (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence (PREPARE)) and reporting (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE)) of animal experiments do not provide a clear and standardized approach for refinement during in vivo cancer studies, resulting in the publication of generic methodological sections that poorly reflect the attempts made at accurately monitoring different pathologies. Compliance with the 3Rs guidelines has mainly focused on reduction and replacement; however, refinement has been harder to implement. The Oncology Best-practices: Signs, Endpoints and Refinements for in Vivo Experiments (OBSERVE) guidelines are the result of a European initiative supported by EurOPDX and INFRAFRONTIER, and aim to facilitate the refinement of studies using in vivo cancer models by offering robust and practical recommendations on approaches to research scientists and animal care staff. We listed cancer-specific clinical signs as a reference point and from there developed sets of guidelines for a wide variety of rodent models, including genetically engineered models and patient derived xenografts. In this Consensus Statement, we systematically and comprehensively address refinement and monitoring approaches during the design and execution of murine cancer studies. We elaborate on the appropriate preparation of tumor-initiating biologicals and the refinement of tumor-implantation methods. We describe the clinical signs to monitor associated with tumor growth, the appropriate follow-up of animals tailored to varying clinical signs and humane endpoints, and an overview of severity assessment in relation to clinical signs, implantation method and tumor characteristics. The guidelines provide oncology researchers clear and robust guidance for the refinement of in vivo cancer models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.