ArticleClinical kidney journal2024
Association of retinal age gap with chronic kidney disease and subsequent cardiovascular disease sequelae: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study from the UK Biobank.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modifiable risk factors associated with increased retinal age gap in an Australian population.GeroScience · 2026Article
- A multimodal retinal aging clock for biological age prediction and systemic health assessment via OCT and fundus imaging.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations Between Myopia and Brain Volumes: An Observational and Genetic Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Observational
- Advances in ocular aging: combining deep learning, imaging, and liquid biopsy biomarkers.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is more prevalent in older adults. Retinal age gap, a biomarker of aging based on fundus images, has been previously developed and validated. This study aimed to investigate the association of retinal age gap with CKD and subsequent CVD complications. Methods: A deep learning model was trained to predict the retinal age using 19 200 fundus images of 11 052 participants without any medical history at baseline. Retinal age gap, calculated as retinal age predicted minus chronological age, was calculated for the remaining 35 906 participants. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for the association analysis. Results: A total of 35 906 participants (56.75 ± 8.04 years, 55.68% female) were included in this study. In the cross-sectional analysis, each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 2% increase in the risk of CKD prevalence [odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.04, Conclusions: We found that retinal age gap was independently associated with the prevalence and incidence of CKD, and also associated with CVD complications in CKD patients. This supports the use of this novel biomarker in identifying individuals at high risk of CKD and CKD patients with increased risk of CVD.
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