Is this an adenocarcinoma? A case report of extragenital endometriosis with hydroureteronephrosis.

Introduction and importance: Endometriosis is a prevalent condition within the female reproductive age group, but its presentation and diagnosis still pose a challenge as it mimics other diseases and affects multiple organ systems. Case presentation: A 24-year-old nulliparous female presented with complaints of menorrhagia, lower abdominal pain, post-coital bleeding, and significant weight loss for 7 months. Clinical discussion: The case highlights the challenge of diagnosing endometriosis due to its ability to mimic other conditions, such as carcinoma cervix and rectum. The presence of elevated Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125), typically associated with malignancy, underscores the need for a comprehensive evaluation to differentiate between endometriosis and other pathologies. Furthermore, the involvement of multiple organ systems emphasizes the systemic nature of endometriosis and the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses and symptoms in young women. Conclusion: Endometriosis, although a common disease among females of reproductive age its variation in presentation causes significant misdiagnosis and undertreatment. Multi-modal diagnosis and early treatment are necessary for proper outcomes.