ArticleTobacco induced diseases2024
Dose-response risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality according to sex-specific cigarette smoking pack-year quantiles.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Positive Airway Pressure Therapies and Oxygen Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): 5-Year Survival.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pre-Transplant Heavy Smoking Is Associated with Reduced Survival After Heart Transplantation Due to Infection and Malignancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study investigated the risks for all-cause death and death from cancer or cardiovascular diseases due to smoking status and behavior, focusing on differences in smoking duration and amount stratified by sex.
methodsThe integrated Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study provided data for 209770 individuals who were classified as never, former, or current smokers, based on their current smoking status. Pack-years were computed using daily average smoking amount and total smoking duration, and were categorized into quantiles separately for men and women. Based on the number of deaths in 2018, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for all-cause mortality, as well as for death caused by all cancers, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases according to pack-years adjusted for age, household income, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.
resultsA significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality was observed for current smokers (men HR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.69-2.14; women HR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.68-2.99) and former smokers (men HR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47; women HR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.63-3.39) compared with that for those who had never smoked. Among men, HR for death from lung cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 2.06-4.75) in former smokers and tended to increase with each pack-year quantile (range HR: 5.72-17.11). Among women, the HR was estimated to be 17.20 (95% CI: 6.22-47.57) only for >3rd quantile.
conclusionsSmoking increases the risks of all-cause death. Considering the persistent risks post-smoking cessation, it is vital to focus on preventing smoking initiation and providing proactive support for successful smoking cessation and maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.