Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38987278›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2024

Spores of Clostridioides difficile are toxin delivery vehicles.

Carolina P Cassona, Sara Ramalhete, Khira Amara, Thomas Candela, Imad Kansau, Cécile Denève-Larrazet, Claire Janoir-Jouveshomme, Luís Jaime Mota, Bruno Dupuy, Mónica Serrano and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Carolina P CassonaInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal.
Sara RamalheteInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal.
Khira AmaraInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal.
Thomas CandelaMicalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4686-2533
Imad KansauMicalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Cécile Denève-LarrazetMicalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Claire Janoir-JouveshommeMicalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Luís Jaime MotaAssociate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-5592-8397
Bruno DupuyInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7176-8453
Mónica SerranoInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal.
Adriano O HenriquesInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal. aoh@itqb.unl.pt.ORCID 0000-0003-4292-4802

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clostridioides difficile causes a wide range of intestinal diseases through the action of two main cytotoxins, TcdA and TcdB. Ingested spores germinate in the intestine establishing a population of cells that produce toxins and spores. The pathogenicity locus, PaLoc, comprises several genes, including those coding for TcdA/B, for the holin-like TcdE protein, and for TcdR, an auto-regulatory RNA polymerase sigma factor essential for tcdA/B and tcdE expression. Here we show that tcdR, tcdA, tcdB and tcdE are expressed in a fraction of the sporulating cells, in either the whole sporangium or in the forespore. The whole sporangium pattern is due to protracted expression initiated in vegetative cells by σ

Indexed as

Bacterial ToxinsClostridioides difficileSpores, BacterialAnimalsBacterial ProteinsChlorocebus aethiopsEnterotoxinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialHumansVero CellsBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsEnterotoxins

Identifiers

PMID38987278
PMCPMC11237016

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.