ArticleAnalytical chemistry2024
An FDA-Validated, Self-Cleaning Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry System for Determining Small-Molecule Drugs and Metabolites in Organoid/Organ-on-Chip Medium.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving detection of low-abundant pharmaceuticals and neurotransmitters via quadrupole isolation in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Expanded evaluation of a robust on-line sample cleanup-LC-MS platform suited for new approach methodologies (NAM).Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Experimental models of osteoarthritis: Advances, limitations and rational selection for translational research.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Article
- Electromembrane Extraction Provides Unprecedented Selectivity for Drugs in Cell Culture Media Used in Organoid and Organ-on-Chip Systems.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Online LC-MS/MS Analysis for Profiling Peptide Hormone Secretion Dynamics from Islets of Langerhans.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As organoids and organ-on-chip (OoC) systems move toward preclinical and clinical applications, there is an increased need for method validation. Using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach, we developed a method for measuring small-molecule drugs and metabolites in the cell medium directly sampled from liver organoids/OoC systems. The LC-MS setup was coupled to an automatic filtration and filter flush system with online solid-phase extraction (SPE), allowing for robust and automated sample cleanup/analysis. For the matrix, rich in, e.g., protein, salts, and amino acids, no preinjection sample preparation steps (protein precipitation, SPE, etc.) were necessary. The approach was demonstrated with tolbutamide and its liver metabolite, 4-hydroxytolbutamide (4HT). The method was validated for analysis of cell media of human stem cell-derived liver organoids cultured in static conditions and on a microfluidic platform according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines with regards to selectivity, matrix effects, accuracy, precision, etc. The system allows for hundreds of injections without replacing chromatography hardware. In summary, drug/metabolite analysis of organoids/OoCs can be performed robustly with minimal sample preparation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.