ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2024
Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash alters the oral microbial composition and affects the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Development of oral dysbiosis following use of antimicrobial mouthwashes: a systematic review.Odontology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of subgingival irrigation with chemical agents as adjuvants to non-surgical periodontal therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Salivary microbiome responses to chlorhexidine and Coriandrum sativum essential oil mouthwashes in patients with periodontitis in a randomized 2-week clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Trial
- Systemic Antibiotics in the Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Impact on the Salivary Microbiome.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Trial
- Influence of heat-non-burn tobacco aerosol on the microbiome of biofilm from human whole saliva bacteria in vitro.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Protein Expression Profiles of Antiseptic-AdaptedMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Novel Fluorinated Chlorhexidine Analogues Overcome Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Diode Laser Irradiation for Cavity Decontamination: A Pilot In Vitro Study on Antimicrobial Efficacy.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2026Review
- Cranberry Polyphenol Extract (CPE) Oral Rinse Improves Salivary Microbiome in 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PROP) Non-Tasters and Palatability of Aronia Juice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Using Selective Agar Containing Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline Reveals Resistant Oral Microbiota in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Artemisinins inhibited the synergistic cariogenic effect betweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Delayed shifts in salivary microbiota composition following long-term use of 0.06% chlorhexidine toothpaste.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Preliminary evidence of effectiveness of preparations fromFrontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Cross-sectional comparative shotgun metagenomic analysis of the subgingival resistome in healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four countries.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- pH-responsive nanozymes: multifunctional platforms for biomedical catalysis toward clinical translation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Capsaicin inhibits cariogenicJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Mouthwashes: should they be used by children?European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- The butterfly effect: collateral damage and impacts of antimicrobial strategies on the oral microbiome.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Effects of Antiseptic Formulations on Oral Microbiota and Related Systemic Diseases: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic in situations of limited oral hygiene ability such as after periodontal surgery. However, CHX is also considered as a possible factor in the emergence of cross-resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the oral microbiota and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) due to CHX treatment. Materials and methods: We analyzed the oral metagenome of 20 patients who applied a 0.2% CHX mouthwash twice daily for 4 weeks following periodontal surgical procedures. Saliva and supragingival plaque samples were examined before, directly after 4 weeks, and another 4 weeks after discontinuing the CHX treatment. Results: Alpha-diversity decreased significantly with CHX use. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity increased in both sample sites and mainly streptococci showed a higher relative abundance after CHX treatment. Although no significant changes of ARGs could be detected, an increase in prevalence was found for genes that encode for tetracycline efflux pumps. Conclusion: CHX treatment appears to promote a caries-associated bacterial community and the emergence of tetracycline resistance genes. Future research should focus on CHX-related changes in the microbial community and whether the discovered tetracycline resistance genes promote resistance to CHX.
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