Preparation and Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Kojic Acid and Kojyl 3-aminopropylphosphonic Acid.

Nai-Fang Chang, Pey-Shiuan Wu, Hsiang-Ju Yang, Ya-Min Zheng, Chih-Chien Lin

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Article in Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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5 authors.

Nai-Fang ChangDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, No. 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.

Pey-Shiuan WuDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, No. 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.

Hsiang-Ju YangDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, No. 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.

Ya-Min ZhengDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, No. 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.

Chih-Chien LinDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, No. 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.

Funding

National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan MOST 109-2813-C-126-023-B

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe kojyl 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (KAP) was synthesized by kojic acid (KA) with a 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid. Which is more stable than KA and showed better skin penetration and anti-pigmentation efficacy in melanocytes. However, up till now, there have been no studies aimed at incorporating KAP into an emulsion system and evaluating its effectiveness.

objectiveWe develop a novel skin-lightening agent using KAP as the active ingredient and a low-cytotoxic nanoemulsion as the delivery system in this study.

methodThe sorbitan monooleate and polysorbate surfactants with polyethylene glycol (PEG) co-surfactant were used to generate a nanoemulsion system.

resultThe transparency and particle size stability over various storage times indicate that the formulated nanoemulsions are suitable for long-term storage. Besides, results demonstrate that the anti-pigmentation function of KA and KAP-containing nanoemulsions (NE-KA and NEKAP) evidently outperformed that of the non-packed KA and KAP group. Despite having the lowest concentration among other treatments, NE-KAP was able to reduce melanin content to approximately 80% of the blank.

conclusionOur findings suggest that this newly developed nanoemulsion containing KAP could potentially serve as a sustainable alternative to hydroquinone for treating dermal hyperpigmentation disorders in future applications.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesOrganophosphonatesPyronesSkin Lightening PreparationsAnimalsDrug StabilityEmulsionsHexosesMelaninsParticle SizePolyethylene GlycolsPolysorbatesSurface-Active AgentsEmulsionsHexoseskojic acidMelaninsOrganophosphonatesPolyethylene GlycolsPolysorbatesPyronesSkin Lightening Preparationssorbitan monooleateSurface-Active Agentscosmeticskojic acid (KA)kojyl 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (KAP)melaninNanoemulsionpolyethylene glycolsorbitan monooleate.sustainable alternatives

Identifiers

PMID38982699

DOI10.3390/pharmaceutics15020468

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.