Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38982437›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2024

Costs and healthcare use of patients with chronic kidney disease in the Northern Territory, Australia.

Winnie Chen, Kirsten Howard, Gillian Gorham, Asanga Abeyaratne, Yuejen Zhao, Oyelola Adegboye, Nadarajah Kangaharan, Mohammad Radwanur Rahman Talukder, Sean Taylor, Alan Cass and 1 more

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Article in BMC health services research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Winnie ChenMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia. winnie.chen@menzies.edu.au.
Kirsten HowardMenzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Gillian GorhamMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Asanga AbeyaratneMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Yuejen ZhaoNT Health, Darwin, Australia.
Oyelola AdegboyeMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Nadarajah KangaharanNT Health, Darwin, Australia.
Mohammad Radwanur Rahman TalukderMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Sean TaylorMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Alan CassMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Territory Kidney Care Steering Committee

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. This study aims to describe the healthcare use and associated costs of people at risk of CKD (e.g. acute kidney injury, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease) or living with CKD in the NT, from a healthcare funder perspective.

methodsWe included a retrospective cohort of patients at risk of, or living with CKD, on 1 January 2017. Patients on kidney replacement therapy were excluded from the study. Data from the Territory Kidney Care database, encompassing patients from public hospitals and primary health care services across the NT was used to conduct costing. Annual healthcare costs, including hospital, primary health care, medication, and investigation costs were described over a one-year follow-up period. Factors associated with high total annual healthcare costs were identified with a cost prediction model.

resultsAmong 37,398 patients included in this study, 23,419 had a risk factor for CKD while 13,979 had CKD (stages 1 to 5, not on kidney replacement therapy). The overall mean (± SD) age was 45 years (± 17), and a large proportion of the study cohort were First Nations people (68%). Common comorbidities in the overall cohort included diabetes (36%), hypertension (32%), and coronary artery disease (11%). Annual healthcare cost was lowest in those at risk of CKD (AUD$7,958 per person) and highest in those with CKD stage 5 (AUD$67,117 per person). Inpatient care contributed to the majority (76%) of all healthcare costs. Predictors of increased total annual healthcare cost included more advanced stages of CKD, and the presence of comorbidities. In CKD stage 5, the additional cost per person per year was + $53,634 (95%CI 32,769 to 89,482, p < 0.001) compared to people in the at risk group without CKD.

conclusionThe total healthcare costs in advanced stages of CKD is high, even when patients are not on dialysis. There remains a need for effective primary prevention and early intervention strategies targeting CKD and related chronic conditions.

Indexed as

Health Care CostsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorthern TerritoryPatient Acceptance of Health CareRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsChronic diseasesChronic kidney diseaseCostsHealthcare useHealth economicsIndigenous healthMultimorbidity

Identifiers

PMID38982437
PMCPMC11234693

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.