ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2024
Biomarkers of tissue remodelling are elevated in serum of COVID-19 patients who develop interstitial lung disease - an exploratory biomarker study.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum desmosine served as a biomarker for severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Scars from the pandemic: understanding post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Review
- Musculoskeletal Complications in COVID-19: Exploring the Role of Key Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Serologically assessed markers of fibroblast activity (PRO-C3 and PRO-C6) and risk assessment of pulmonary fibrosis following severe COVID-19 infection.European clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Extracellular Matrix Fragments in Patients with Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia that can result in serious respiratory illness. It is associated with extensive systemic inflammation, changes to the lung extracellular matrix, and long-term lung impairment such as interstitial lung disease (ILD). In this study, the aim was to investigate whether tissue remodelling, wound healing, and neutrophil activity is altered in patients with COVID-19 and how these relate to the development of post-COVID ILD.
methodSerum samples were collected from 63 patients three months after discharge as part of the Research Evaluation Alongside Clinical Treatment study in COVID-19 (REACT COVID-19), 10 of whom developed ILD, and 16 healthy controls. Samples were quantified using neo-epitope specific biomarkers reflecting tissue stiffness and formation (PC3X, PRO-C3, and PRO-C6), tissue degradation (C1M, C3M, and C6M), wound healing (PRO-FIB and X-FIB), and neutrophil activity (CPa9-HNE and ELP-3).
resultsMean serum levels of PC3X (p < 0.0001), PRO-C3 (p = 0.002), C3M (p = 0.009), PRO-FIB (p < 0.0001), CPa9-HNE (p < 0.0001), and ELP-3 (p < 0.0001) were significantly elevated in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. Moreover, PC3X (p = 0.023) and PRO-C3 (p = 0.032) were significantly elevated in post-COVID ILD as compared to COVID-19.
conclusionSerological biomarkers reflecting type III collagen remodelling, clot formation, and neutrophil activity were significantly elevated in COVID-19 and type III collagen formation markers were further elevated in post-COVID ILD. The findings suggest an increased type III collagen remodelling in COVID-19 and warrants further investigations to assess the potential of tissue remodelling biomarkers as a tool to identify COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing ILD.
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